Lord Byron’s Don Juan Essay Example for Free

Lord Byron’s Don Juan Essay Lord Byron’s Don Juan is a satirical poem that offers a seemingly comical and serious outlook of sexuality. In three different sexual relations in three different places, the events that surround Don Juan are both laughable and questionable. From an early affair with Donna Julia, to an innocently, beautiful engagement with Haidee and finally an unfulfilled and avoided relation with the Sultana Gulbeyaz, Don Juan escapes through the clutches of love with shattered innocence, a broken heart and near fatal eroticism. â€Å"As Byron’s satiric genius developed, it tended to employ less and less of the traditional axe-swinging of the neoclassic satirists and to approach more and more the mocking and ironic manner of the Italian burlesque poetsFinally, when his satiric genius had fully ripened, Byron found complete expression in serious and social satire† (Trueblood, 19). From an early age, Don Juan was destined to wander through a maze of sexuality. One can see this unfolding by merely looking at his parent’s marriage. Let us first look at Don Juan’s parents, Don Jose and Donna Inez. Byron presents the couple ironically and comically. Donna Inez, â€Å"morality’s prim personification perfect past all parallel† (Byron, I, 16-17), still is not good enough for Don Jose. A man with a greater concern for women than knowledge, Don Jose is not a particularly admirable father figure. He lacks respect for his wife, and â€Å"like a lineal son of Eve, /Went plucking various fruits without her leave† (Byron, I, 18). This allusion to Don Jose being a son of Eve is somewhat accurate and satirical. Like Eve, he is careless and unaware of the consequences of his actions. However, as Eve’s son, the offspring of God’s beautiful creation, Don Jose is given holy qualities. He cannot be blamed for his actions, and for a long time, Donna Inez blinds herself from his wrongdoings and maintains their marital status. Their relationship is practically pointless; a mother and father that wished each other dead, not divorced. The unification of Don Jose and Donna Inez is a comical union. â€Å"What men call gallantry, and gods adultery, / Is much more common where the climate’s sultry† (Byron, I, 63). The two reach a point where they canno t stand each other, yet for some reason, they stay together. At the same time, marital disputes and infidelity make for no laughing matter. They were, and continue to be, problems for couples all around the world. Byron depicts Don Jose and Donna Inez at each other’s throats, but still sleeping side by side. To further solidify ironic humour, when their divorce inevitably approaches, Don Jose falls ill and dies. His death right before getting divorced symbolizes the death of marriage. Byron might be poking fun at the fact that more and more marriages end in divorce, and that the fire shared by ‘soul mates’ typically burns out. Despite being an unfaithful and uncaring father, the narrator paradoxically calls Don Jose an honourable man. The death of the father creates increased duties for the mother. Donna Inez decides to enlighten Don Juan with the teachings of art and sciences, but in doing so, neglects teaching him the basic facts of life. Someone uniformed about basic life necessities is at risk of not knowing how to act and react to certain situations. Though Don Juan does not attempt to manipulate those around him, his lack of direction leads him to being a victim of a harsh, unforgiving world. â€Å"Ladies even of the most uneasy virtue / Prefer a spouse whose age is short of thirty† (Byron, I, 61). This is a bold statement from the narrator, but it is certainly the case for Donna Julia, Donna Inez’s friend. She falls for the young and handsome Don Juan when he turns sixteen, though her affection started before then. Donna Julia is seven years older than Don Juan. Her love for the young lad is both comic and paedophilic. Donna Julia unsuccessfully resists temptation, and eventually takes Juan’s innocence and sends him along a path of sexual confusion. As the narrator states: â€Å"Even innocence itself has many a wile / And will not dare to trust itself with truth, / And love is taught hypocrisy from youth† (Byron, I, 72). Her inability to resist Don Juan is satirical for he is sexually inexperienced. Being sexually unsatisfied, one would think Donna Julia would pursue a lover with sexual experience. Her longing for such a young man is bizarre a nd questionable. â€Å"Byron seems to the think temptation integral to creation, and fall the inevitable consequence of temptation† (Ridenour, 29). For Don Juan, an impending relationship with Donna Julia is most appealing, but in turn, it is the start of spiralling, sexual journey. â€Å"Oh pleasure, you’re indeed a pleasant thing, / Although one must be damned for you no doubt† (Byron, I, 119). Unfortunate consequences of plentiful pleasure tend to follow Don Juan around. His romance with Donna Julia is of short lived passion. One November night, Don Alfonso’s suspicions reach a new height and he confronts Donna Julia in her suite. The season is significant; November represents the conclusion of fall and an approaching winter. The trees lose their leaves, plants and shrubs dwindle and the days get shorter and colder. These events can be compared to Don Juan and Donna Julia’s relationship, as its fire is extinguished by an upset Don Alfonso. â€Å"Man is chained to cold earth and is able to alleviate his sufferings only by his own efforts – by love and glory and, as we learn in the second sta nza, by poetry. This very poem is presented as an attempt to give color, form, warmth to a world naturally colorless, indefinite and chill† (Ridenour, 33). This thought can also be applied to Donna Julia, who was brightening her world with the young Don Juan. Though she promised Don Alfonso to never disgrace the ring she wore, she falls victim to the fact that â€Å"pleasure’s a sin and sometimes sin’s a pleasure† (Byron, I, 133). Donna Julia acts like a double-edged sword when confronted by Don Alfonso. She gets upsets by his unfaithful accusations, while the whole time, Don Juan is hidden beneath a pile of clothes. â€Å"Satire was Byron’s natural and habitual response to censure and injury† (Trueblood, 20). In the end, Donna Julia is left emotionally hurt and displaced, while Don Juan barely escapes from a physical punishment. Don Alfonso is left betrayed, deceived and not knowing where to turn. The first canto ends with the same disheartened feeling: â€Å"All things that have been born were born to die, / And flesh (which Death mows down to hay) is grass† (Byron, I, 220). The allusion of De ath mowing the grass of life is comic and serious. Humans age from year to year and their health eventually deteriorates. The same can be said of Don Juan’s sexual relations. â€Å"In Don Juan, Byron uses almost every possible variation of epic tone, from the frivolous to the almost entirely serious† (Clancy, 63). The tone takes a turn for the worse when Juan is involved in a shipwreck. He manages to get aboard a longboat and escape the capsizing ship. Juan’s luck only lasts so long for his tutor, who boards the longboat only to be eaten several days later. Just when Juan appears on the brink of death, he floats to safety clutching an oar. The oar can be seen as an obvious phallic symbol, and in turn, it leads Juan to his first true love, Haidee. â€Å"Amidst the barren sand and rocks so rude / She and her wave-worn love had made their bower† (Byron, II, 198). The setting of their relationship is perfect, for it is both beautiful and dangerous. â€Å"As Byron is careful to point out, it is here, on a coast whose perils have been repeatedly emphasized, that the peculiarly harmonious and ideal love of Juan and Haidee is consummatedâ₠¬  (Ridenour, 44). The love of Juan and Haidee has a quality of magnificence which Don Juan and Donna Julia lacked. The two are portrayed as soul mates that happened upon each other. They were brought together in a stroke of luck and when their union is denied â€Å"the power of love sours to lust, sex hatred and leering prudishness. What is true love is equally true of the other passionsThe attempt to contain the passions and stop the flow of life always defeats itself in some manner. This is the particular form which the standard satiric plot takes in Don Juan† (Kernan, 93). Though Haidee and Juan were meant for each other, Lambro interferes and puts an end to their relationship. He ruins the purity of love, which had ironically been washed up on a beach. Lambro puts Juan into slavery, and furthermore, causes his daughter’s coma and eventual death. Had he accepted the unification of Juan and Haidee, life in general would have been happier, gayer. Violence and disorder lurk behind tranquility and harmony, and the tranquil and harmonious are fated inevitably to dissolve again in the violent and chaotic. This is an immutable law of Byron’s world. Haidee was, â€Å"Nature’s bride† (Byron, II, 202), and the love she shared with Juan is contrasted in its naturalness with the unnatural situation of woman in society. Their union is almost an act of natural religion. (Ridenour). Mary Grant places Don Juan â€Å"among the different kinds of humor, the mild and pervasive type of Socratic irony, subtle in its half-laughter and half-earnestness, harmonized best with the ease of affability of the sermo, its change of tone from grave to gay, its arts in the absence of art† (Ridenour,10). Don Juan is brought to a slave market in Constantinople and bought by a eunuch for the Sultana, Gulbeyaz. The eunuch, Baba, can be seen as a sinister and dangerous character. â€Å"The technique of associating the subject to be ridiculed with sexual impotence is, of course, a traditional one; but the connection between impotence and lust for power exists on a much deeper level than that of mere invective† (Ridenour, 12). Baba’s sexual life has been obliterated, and his condition foreshadows a drastic change to Don Juan. This is fulfilled when he is brought to the palace and immediately dressed in woman’s clothing. Juan’s gender rearrangement is ironic, and turns bizarre when Gulbeyaz demands him to make love to her. As he is still in mourning for losing Haidee, Juan refuses and bursts into tears. â€Å"In the accounts of his [Juan’s] relations with women, he is not made to appear heroic or even dignified; and these impress us as having an ingredien t of the genuine as well as of the make-believe† (Eliot, 97). His actions at first infuriate the Sultana, then she feels compassion, and eventually she cries. Juan is displaced from a man to a weeping woman, while Gulbeyaz turns from a demanding woman to an apathetic female. Communication between the two is short lived as the sultan approaches the castle. Upon seeing Juan, the sultan states: â€Å"I see you’ve bought another girl; ‘tis pity / That a mere Christian should be half so pretty† (Byron, V, 155). The sultan, who has four wives and undoubtedly several mistresses, comes off as a fool for not noticing that Juan is a male. We can laugh at his blindness, but at the same time, one can only wonder what else he does not see. In Canto I we have the amusing account of the genealogy of Don Juan. Then there is a description of the first of Juan’s amours, the Julia episode. Canto II continues Juan’s adventures, including his shipwreck and subsequent love affair with Haidee. In Cantos III and IV the passionate roma nce of Haidee and Juan comes to its tragic end and Juan is soon embroiled in the ludicrous seraglio escapade which occupies the whole of Canto V and is concluded in Canto VI (Trueblood, 5). Through these episodes, Byron uses satire to portray sexuality in a comical and serious manner. â€Å"The poem is a satire on the romantic cult of passion and on the natural man whose passions are his only guide from his proper woes† (Clancy, 53). Don Juan is sent on a rollercoaster of sexuality: paedophilic love, true love ending in a broken heart and then a confusing, uncertain relation. Through hardships and endeavours, Don Juan comes out a stronger man. From the first six cantos, one can conclude that â€Å"love, which should be a means of overcoming self, of living in and for another person, is itself egotistic. The remedy merely aggravates the disorder. It is the same paradox which, in other terms, we have met so often before† (Ridenour, 75). The comedic yet serious portrayal of sexuality makes Don Juan one of the greatest satires even written.

Fischer Esterification of Isopentyl Acetate

Fischer Esterification of Isopentyl Acetate Brendaliz Bonilla Chemistry Department Susquehanna University Abstract Esters are prepared in many ways and one of which is through Fischer Esterification. Using this method, esters are produced by refluxing a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of a concentrated acid catalyst.1 The purpose of reflux is to heat a reaction mixture at its boiling temperature to form products, without losing any of the compounds in the reaction flask. To exploit Le Chateliers principle and shift the position of the equilibrium to the right, an excess of one of the reactants were added to the reaction mixture.1 The reaction mechanism involves initial protonation of the carboxyl group, nucleophilic attack by the hydroxyl, proton transfer, and loss of water followed by loss of the catalyzing acid to produce the ester.2 The process is thermodynamically controlled yielding the most stable ester product. Typically, only primary and secondary alcohols are used in the Fisher method since tertiary alcohols are prone to elimination.3 In this lab, a Fisher Esterification w as performed to synthesize isopentyl acetate from isopentyl alcohol and acetic acid as seen in figure 1. Figure 1: Reaction scheme of the preparation of isopentyl acetate by Fischer Esterification. Experimental Instruments Used: A Nicolet IR 100 FT-IR was used in this experiment. Procedure and Observations: A mixture of 5.0mL (4.111g) of isopentyl alcohol, 7.0mL of glacial acetic acid, and 1mL of concentrated sulfuric acid was added to a 25mL round-bottomed flask.   The round-bottomed flask was hooked to the reflux apparatus and the mixture was brought to a boil for an hour. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, placed into an ice bath, and put in a separatory funnel with 10mL of water.   The funnel was shaken vigorously and vented several times.   The bottom layer was drained from the separatory funnel into a beaker.   5mL of 5% sodium bicarbonate was then put into the separatory funnel.   The separatory funnel was shaken and vented several times.   The bottom layer was drained into the same beaker.   5mL of saturated sodium chloride was added to the contents of the separatory funnel.   The separatory funnel was shaken and vented several times.   The bottom layer was drained into a differen t beaker.   The mixture that was left in the separatory funnel was transferred to an Erlenmeyer flask with 1g of anhydrous sodium sulfate.   The flask was corked and was left to sit for 10 to 15 minutes.   The mixture was transferred to another Erlenmeyer flask and .503g of anhydrous sodium sulfate was added.   A distillation apparatus was assembled with the receiving flask immersed in an ice bath.   The mixture was transferred into a round-bottomed flask and attached to the distillation apparatus.   The product that was now in the receiving flask was then weighed.   The percent yield was determined and an IR was done on the product. Results and Discussion At the end of the experiment, a successful esterification was performed from the starting acetic acid, using isopentenyl alcohol to make the product of Isopentyl acetate. The reactants were heated using a reflux apparatus so that the product would not be lost, helping serve as a catalyst in the reaction.1 Any remaining water left over from the esterification process was dried using anhydrous sodium sulfate. The ester, isopentyl acetate was synthesized, which had the smell of bananas. In this experiment, 3.99 g of isopentyl acetate was formed by the direct esterification of acetic acid with isopentyl alcohol, as seen in table 1. The sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst in the reaction. Table 1: The weight of the final product collect, percent yield, and result of the IR spectrum. Weight (grams) 3.99 g Percent yield 61.8% IR Peaks (cm-1) 2954, 1747, 1231, and 1056 cm-1 An excess of isopentyl acetate was used to shift the reaction to the right so that esterification could occur. During isolation, the excess acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol was removed with sodium bicarbonate, and the isopentyl acetate was further purified after through drying with anhydrous sulfate and through distillation. The excess acetic acid was used in order for the reaction to favor esterification. An excess of isopentyl alcohol could have been used instead to form isopentyl acetate; however excess acetic acid is easier to remove from the products than isopentyl alcohol because isopentyl acetate and isopentyl alcohol are similar in structure and therefore, prefer to be in the same layer of the solution. Since sodium carbonate is a base, it is used in the extraction of acetic acid because it turns acetic acid into a conjugate base or sodium acetate which is more soluble in water. The equation for this acid-base extraction is: CH3COOH+NaCHO3à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢CH3COO-Na + H2CO3 . The percent yield of the isopentyl acetate was 61.9 % (as seen in table 1) with a theoretical yield of 6.44g. In the experiment, the acetic acid was in excess and the isopentyl alcohol was the limiting reagent, therefore, the reaction depended on the amount of isopentyl alcohol available. This experiment was successful because the smell of bananas was achieved along with the percent yield attained of 61.9%. Some of the errors that might have occurred included not properly/fully draining the aqueous layers after the reflux, and that the solution may have not completely dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. For the IR spectrum data, the -C-CO 2R stretch characteristic of an ester is visible in the pure isopentyl acetate IR spectrum in the 1735-1745 cm -1 range. The -C-H stretches are visible just below 3000 cm -1, and the -C-O and -CO 2 stretches appear as several peaks in the 1050-1300 cm -1 range, which can be seen in Appendix E. The product resulted in major IR peaks at 2954, 1747, 1 231, and 1056 cm-1. These results indicate that our isopentyl acetate product is very pure, as the peaks are nearly identical to the expected peaks. The peak at 2954 indicates the C-H bond. The peak at 1747 indicates the aldehyde (C=O). The peak at 1231 indicates methyl group. The peak at 1056 indicates residual acetic acid (R-Cl), which can be seen on Appendix D-G. Conclusion The major product that was formed from the Fischer Esterification of isopentyl alcohol and acetic acid was isopentyl acetate. This is because the ester formed is the equatorial position, which makes the compound more stable than cis-4-tert-butylcyclohexanol. Based on the experiment that was conducted the synthesis of isopentyl acetate from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol could be done by a Fisher Esterification reaction, and the percent yield of the product is about 61.9%. References Experiment 4 Background. Experiment 4 Background. Web. Accessed: 15 Feb. 2017. http://www.reed.edu/chemistry/alan/201_202/lab_manual/Expt_banana_oil/background.html. Mutual Solubility of Water and Aliphatic Alcohols. Mutual Solubility of Water and Aliphatic Alcohols Journal of Chemical Engineering Data (ACS Publications). Web. Accessed: 15 Feb. 2017. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/je00037a019. Alcohol Reactivity. Alcohol Reactivity. Web. Accessed:17 Feb. 2017. https://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/virttxtjml/alcohol1.htm. Appendix A: Finding the Limiting Reagent Grams X 1 mol / molecular weight = moles of reactant Glacial Acetic Acid: 8.5 mL X ((1 g/1 mL) X 1 mol) / 60.05 g/mol = 0.142 mol Isopentyl Alcohol: (4.37 g X 1 mol) / 88.15 g/mol = 0.0459 mol Appendix B: Calculating Theoretical Yield of Isopentyl Acetate (Moles of limiting reagent X molar ratio X molecular weight of product) / 1 mol = theoretical yield (0.0459 X 130.19) / 1 mol = 6.44 g Appendix C: Calculating Percent Yield (Actual / theoretical) X 100% = percent yield (3.99 g/ 6.44 g) X 100% = 61.9%

Role Of Chance Samuel Becketts Waiting For Godot Philosophy Essay

Role Of Chance Samuel Becketts Waiting For Godot Philosophy Essay The purpose of life is something mystic, that us, humans, have always seeked, yet dont really know how to find. What is our reason to live? The fact we cant explain it, leads us to believe its because of a force greater then ours. There are lots of different names to call it. God. Fate. We dont know what the meaning of life is, and theres noone we can ask. This feeling can be pretty depressing in itself, and Waiting for Godot focuses on this feeling and on the way people try to find something to live for The play basically says that our lives rely on chance entirely, and because of it, they are meaningless, and thats the reason why people rely on unknown forces guiding them through life. And the interesting part is, that even the sources, that should justify the fact that there are greater powers in the universe then we can comprehend, say that human existence has a lot to do with chance. This is clearified when a story from the bible about two thieves is mentioned. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾One of the two thiefes was rescued. Thats a reasonable percentage. (Beckett, 8) Percentage represents that chance involved in human life, and the fact that that our fate relies on chance shows that randomness is an important factor in ones life. Beckett uses this quote from the Bible to show, that even a sacred text that has been an a help for thousands of years acknowledges the existence of chance. One of the two thieves. Thats 50%. A 50% chance for salvation, and we have absolutely no control regarding th is chance. The fact that God (if he exists) stays silent, makes the chaos even bigger. The situation that God lets life work like this, makes him guilty. The peoples belief in God is explainable though, because it makes them believe that theres a reason to live. As Pascal, a french philisopher said (he was a believer by the way), theres nothing to lose, because if it turns out God doesnt exist, then people wouldnt care for anything anyway, but if it turns out he does, at least you were on the safe side all the way. But Gods silence is the main thing that keeps the characters in hopelessness, and makes this work of art a tragedy, even though the characters act comically. Either God doesnt exist, or he just doesnt care. And this statement tells that theres no divine involvment in life. The world in Waiting for Godot is one without any meaning, which shows that chaos and hopelessness are the leading forces of the world. The events in the work are repetetive. Vladimir and Estragon are at the same place every day, waiting for Godot, doing the same activites over and over again to pass time. This shows the chaotics world effects on the characters. As Einstein says: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾The sign of going mad is doing something over and over again, and expecting different results. We dont know the time cycle the events transpire in. Time is a very intersting aspect in this play. It exists, but the reasons for this are not entirely clear, because the present, the past, the future, these things dont mean anything in this world. Time is a mess. A very good symbolization of the fact that things are still happening though, are Pozzo and Lucky. They are completely different in Act I and Act II. (Pozzo is healthy/blind, Lucky is able to speak/mute). Beckett uses the change in the situation of Lucky and Pozzo to show that time, and therefore, life, is meaningless. Humans try to be distracted from this fact. Vladimir and Estragon both try to stay cheerful in the play, and try to pass time with pointless activites. Doing this, they act comical, which adds a humorous aspect to the play. The positive attitude of the two tramps thus amounts to a double negation: their inability to recognize the senselessness of their position (Andres, 143-144). Vladimir and Estragon do various things to get distracted from the endless wait. Discussing mundane topics, sleeping, and sometimes contemplating suicide. They do this because they try to ignore the fact that they are waiting for a figure, which is part of their imagination, and might never even come. They are waiting for Godot, and they think his arrival will be a salvation to all their problems. They probably know this is only a wish that might never come true, but at least they have something to look forward to. The only other alternative is death, and although they think about it, they dont have the courage to do it. In the end all a human can do are pointless actions, or to perish. They do these pointless actions because they hope relief will come in a form of an outside force. Godot symbolizes this force, and although he likely doesnt exist, he at least gives their lives a meaning.By waiting, they achieve at least a bit of meaning. Vladimir, while contemplating whether or not to help Pozzo in Act II, declares, What are we doing here, that is the question. And we are blessed in this, that we happen to know the answer. Yes, in this immense confusion one thing alone is clear. We are waiting for Godot to come- (Beckett, 51) Even though salvation is an illusion, its needed to be able to handle life, and that humans have to rely on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Godots to live. Its not clear whether Godot is real or not. This is shown by the fact that in both acts, they mistake Pozzo for Godot. That means they have never seen Godot before.The only contact they have with him is the messenger boy he sends everyday, telling them that Godot will come the next day. When Vladimir finally realises that Godot in fact will never come, great depression overcomes him. Vladimir realizes that he has no choice but to put up with the illusion, and go on. Theres no point. But theres no other option. All of these characters go on, but in the old ruts, and only by retreating into patterns of thought that have already been thoroughly discredited. In the universe of this play, on leads nowhere (Webb, 41). Waiting for Godot is all about how the world is based on chance, and the fact that a world based on chance cant have a real time sequence, and is therefore pointless, which makes life pointless too. Realizing this, humans will create distractions and diversions, in the form of patterns and reliance on divine forces, to provide them a purpose to live. In my opinion this book is a very good demonstration of the big questions every human has to face in their lifetime.

Examining Juliets Response in Act 3, Scene 5 :: Papers

Examining Juliet's Response in Act 3, Scene 5 Juliet is very sad, extremely worried, by the time she is with her parents again. Romeo is going to leave Juliet after spending their wedding night together. This thought is unbearable for Juliet. Romeo has to go before day comes because otherwise, he will get caught by Juliet's kinsman and might be killed. Romeo uses a contrast and very direct simple language to explain his situation to Juliet 'I must be gone and live, or stay and die.' The stress and emotional anxiety caused by this deep situation impacts on Juliet's response to her parents. She is worried and scared. She is crying when her lady Capulet comes in. Lady Capulet comes in and sees Juliet is crying and thinks she is crying for her loss of cousin, Tyblat. 'Evermore weeping for your cousin's death?' then Juliet responds 'yet let me weep for such feeling loss.' Her mother assumes Juliet's loss is Tybalt, because she does not know she is completely in love with Romeo. This use of dramatic irony because the audiences know that Juliet's loss means Romeo but Lady Capulet thinks her loss is Tybalt. Juliet is misleads her mother by answering her questions in a tricky way. Shakespeare uses it to shows she is intelligent and artful. She also says to her mother 'indeed I never shall be satisfied with Romeo, till I behold him - dead, notice when she speaks this sentence there is a pause before she says dead. This means she does not want Romeo dead. The reason that she says that is to mislead her mother. She answers her mother's question skilfully, and she is playing on words. When Lady Capulet tells Juliet that they have arranged her marriage for her with Paris, She refuses to marry him. She says 'I will not marry yet. And when I do, I swear it shall be Romeo, whom you know I hate, rather than Paris.' At this point Shakespeare uses another effective dramatic irony. She does not want to marry Paris because she

Overcoming Fear in Frank O’Connor’s First Confession Essay -- First Co

Overcoming Fear in Frank O’Connor’s â€Å"First Confession† Word Count includes detailed outline David W. Madden believes several of Frank O’Connor’s stories reflect his personal life and goals. Jackie, the young protagonist, in the â€Å"First Confession,† loves his mother as equally as O’Connor loved his mother. Madden also believes O’Connor should have selected a religious calling because the priests mentioned in his stories incorporate the instrumental impact on the â€Å"laity’s lives† (3227). Understanding women, contributed by his mother’s influence, frequently are displayed in O’Connor’s writings. Madden feels that some of O’Connor’s stories focus on â€Å"naà ¯ve, sensitive figures who struggle with what seems to them the insoluble mysteries of existence,† such as children’s journey through life (3227-28). The story reinforces the theme that a child overcoming a fear of the unknown can enhance his sense of confidence. The plot of â€Å"First Confession† is about a young boy, Jackie, trying to conquer the terror of telling his first confession. Jackie’s problems begin when his grandmother comes to live at the house. He detests her for being an alcoholic, slovenly ill-mannered woman. Most of all, Jackie is upset that he is excluded from the penny allowance that his sister, Nora, gets. Because his sister and grandmother side against him, Jackie’s life becomes intolerable. Jackie is preparing to receive his First Penance and First Holy Communion. Mrs. Ryan, the religion education teacher, projects a negative image to Jackie about confessing his sins. She is a woman who only spoke of Hell and mentioned Heaven only by accident. Jackie feels she is a lady where â€Å"Hell had the first place in her heart† (176). Mrs. Ryan entices the children with money to stick their finger in the flame of a candle. She associates this with burning in Hell. An example is a horrid story about a man who makes a bad confession. The man wakes a priest in the middle of the night insisting he make a confession. After the priest is dressed, the man is gone only to leave behind his handprints burned into the sheets. Jackie is forced to go to confession with his wicked sister, Nora. When it is Jackie’s turn to go into the confessional, he is so nervous that he kneels on the armrest. Consequently, he slips and plunges out the door. Nora is embarrassed and begins to s mack him. As soon as the priest sees... ...3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mrs. Ryan is trying to teach the children to live a faithful life, not to be afraid of confessing. VIII.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To defeat the terror of the unknown increases one’s self- assurance Works Cited Bowden, Curtis. â€Å"Synopses and Quick Critiques.† Frank O’Connor: New Perspectives. Eds. Robert C. Evans and Richard Harp. West Cornwall, CT.: Locust Hill, 1988. 297-350. Denio, Megan L. â€Å"The Child In, Around and of Father Fogarty.† Frank O’Connor: New Perspectives. Eds. Robert C. Evans and Richard Harp. West Cornwall, CT.: Locust Hill, 1988. 139-147. Evans, Robert C. and Katie Magaw. â€Å"Irony and Paradox in Frank O’Connor’s Style.† Frank O’Connor: New Perspectives. Eds. Robert C. Evans and Richard Harp. West Cornwall, CT.: Locust Hill, 1988. 149-155. Madden, David W. â€Å"First Confession/ O’Connor.† Masterplots II 8. Ed. Frank N. Magill. Pasadena, CA.: Salem Press, 1996. 3226-3228. O’Connor, Frank. â€Å"First Confession.† Frank O’Connor: Collected Stories. New York: Vintage Books, 1982. 175-182. Werber, Owene. â€Å"A Woman’s Voice Speaking.† Frank O’Connor: New Perspectives. Eds. Robert C. Evans and Richard Harp. West Cornwall, CT.: Locust Hill, 1988. 121-350.

Persuasive Speech on Buying Local

According to Ronnie Cummings of In Motion Magazine, after several dozen consumers in Colorado were poisoned by E-coli feces in their burgers, 25 million pounds of hamburger meat had to be recalled from the Hudson Foods Corporation. Much of the E. coli found in meat appears to be a product of feedlot life of cattle getting a feedlot diet and living in their own manure. The feedlot lifestyle is a common practice of corporate manufactured meat. With that point in mind, I hope to persuade you all to research and buy local. Most food found in the grocery store is highly processed.Not just the ramen noodles or fruit loops, but the actual produce. Corporations use hormones, pesticides and antibiotics and genetic modification, which refer to a crop that is created for consumption using molecular biology techniques. According to the Food and Agriculture of the United Nations, GMOs can make us more resistant to antibiotics, is related to our increased allergies and can even cause mutation with in our genes. Also, According to Michael Pollan, the author of The Omnivore’s Dilemma, when the average American sits down to eat each ingredient has travelled at least 1,500 miles from farm to plate.Global climate change and war over resources are a few of the things resulting from all this shipping. Also, this travel requires the food to be â€Å"gassed† which stimulates the ripening process because the produce has been picked so prematurely causing the nutrients and quality to disintegrate. Now that I’ve discussed just a few of the reasons mass produced food isn’t ideal, here are some of the reasons to buy local and some options to implement. First of all buying locally helps reduce the impact we have on the environment.According to sustainable connections. com, buying locally helps to reduce the environmental impact. This generally means contributing less to sprawl, congestion, habitat loss and pollution. We also help to keep the local economy healthy and thriving. Matt Embrey of green upgrader reports that when you purchase at locally owned businesses rather than nationally owned, more money is kept in the community because locally-owned businesses often purchase from other local businesses, service providers and farms.Purchasing local helps grow other businesses as well as the local tax base. And as far as the health impact, buying your meat certified humane and local, ensures your purchasing meat that has a nutritious diet without antibiotics, or hormones, animals raised with shelter, resting areas, sufficient space and the ability to engage in natural behaviors according to eat wild. com There are many websites you can look up with directories of local owned business that implement healthy practices and keep things local.You can also participate in local co-ops which grow their own produce and share within the group. So now you know some of the ways buying locally benefits us all, as well as some of the ways to implement the solutions. Now let’s talk about what to expect from carrying these out. If we all took the time to do the easy research to buy local and support our community, we can visualize a healthy community both economically and physically. Less traffic and allergies and more fresh produce! According to greenupgrader. om one of the top reasons to buy local is because small local businesses are the largest employers nationally. Plus the more jobs you have in your local community the less people are going to have to commute which means more time and less traffic and pollution. Another benefit of buying local is Competition and diversity leads to more consumer choices. A marketplace of thousands of small businesses is the best way to ensure innovation and low prices over the long-term According to Michael Shuman of the book, Going Local, â€Å"Going local does not mean walling off the outside world.It means nurturing locally owned businesses which use local resources sustainably, employ local workers at decent wages and serve primarily local consumers. It means becoming more self-sufficient and less dependent on imports. Control moves from the boardrooms of distant corporations and back into the community where it belongs. † These are just a few of the reasons I encourage all of us to research and support our local community.

Usa and it policies

Ukraine, which was until 2008 Bucharest summit extended its support ND participation towards NATO forces, has now turned indifferent and cold to US under the presidency of Victor Hancock. It's necessary to recall the actions of the United States in Afghanistan, in Iraq, in Libya, where they acted either without and sanction from United Nations Security Council or distorted the contents of the resolution, as it happened in Libya. US is often accused of having different yardsticks on the issue of military intervention.The current crisis is not only about Ukraine. However, the outcome of the East-West standoff in Ukraine may be crucial for deciding the success or failure of Russian's new policy of defiance. Crimea was Putting trump card and he played it well. Despite the load threats of sanctions and other punitive actions by the west, President Vladimir Putting went along with the wishes of the people of the Crimean peninsula and on march 21 duly signed a treaty incorporating the regio n into the Russian Federation.And Russia seem to receive an unprecedented support from many developing counties Including BRICKS nations which declared to have no appetite for the sanction regime that the west wants to impose on Russia and regretted the use of sanctions as a weapon against Russia. While on the contrary the 67 leaders meeting at The Hogue In the last week of March decided unanimously to suspend Russia from the 68.The GO leaders Issued a statement condemning what they termed as â€Å"Russian's Illegal attempts to annex Crimea In contravention to International law'. The 67 leaders warned that they would â€Å"Intensify actions† that could have a escalating Impact on the Russian economy! Though Putting gave an assurance that there would be no further moves to â€Å"split Ukraine† despite the growing glamour among the Russian speaking parts of eastern Ukraine for breaking away!Well, there still a lot more to this undying wave of rattling animosity. The wor ld Is transforming, change Is Inevitable and India for now advised to remain clang to Its â€Å"Non alignment policy' and refrain Itself from stepping Into the chaos! USA and it policies By reestablishment unprecedented support from many developing counties including BRICKS nations While on the contrary the 67 leaders meeting at The Hogue in the last week of March decided unanimously to suspend Russia from the 68.The 67 leaders issued a statement condemning what they termed as â€Å"Russian's illegal attempts to annex Crimea in contravention to international law'. The 67 leaders warned that they would â€Å"intensify actions† that could have a significant impact on the Russian economy!