Anti-Discriminatory Practices Essay

There is a variety of national initiatives which promote anti-discriminatory practices: Some of these practices are provisions relating to, European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms 1950, Sex Discrimination Act 1975, Mental Health Act 1983, Mental Health (Northern Ireland) Order 1986, The Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989, The Children Act 1989, Race Relations (Amendment) Act 2000, Disability Discrimination Act 2005, it is important in every work place and setting to follow these acts in order to prevent discrimination arising for both service users and providers. By following all these service users and providers will feel safe and valued in health and social care settings. This promotes discrimination by living by the rule treat others as you want to be treated-if you treat others with respect and do not discriminate they will more than likely treat you the same, this will then subsequently set standards and expectation for people to follow. For example- nurses wear the same uniform as that’s the expectation for them. Two of these acts I will go into more detail with and explain exactly why these acts in the health and social care work place promote anti-discriminatory practices. When working in health and social care setting it’s also important to be aware of the types of discrimination that can occur so you can both act on it if you was ever to come across another person behaving in such a way and prevent yourself from behaving this way also. Therefore, promoting anti-discriminatory practices by being aware of this and making others aware to, these types are of discrimination are Direct discrimination: discrimination because of a protected characteristic. Associative discrimination: direct discrimination against someone because they are associated with another person with a protected characteristic. (This includes carers of disabled people and elderly relatives, who can claim they were treated unfairly because of duties that had to carry out at home relating to their care work. It also covers discrimination against someone because, for example, their partner is from another country.) Indirect discrimination: when you have a rule or policy that applies to everyone but disadvantages a person with a protected characteristic. Harassment: behavior deemed offensive by the recipient. Employees can claim they find something offensive even when it’s not directed at them. Harassment by a third party: employers are potentially liable for the harassment of staff or customers by  people they don’t directly employ, such as a contractor. Victimization: discrimination against someone because they made or supported a complaint under Equality Act legislation. Discrimination by perception: direct discrimination against someone because others think they have a protected characteristic (even if they don’t). You can no longer ask a prospective employee about their health before offering them work, unless you can prove you’re doing so to check whether the employee can carry out an essential task (such as heavy lifting for a removals company) or to monitor diversity. You can screen health once you’ve made a job offer – but then of course you’re opening a world of trouble if you rescind your job offer on the grounds of a disability, as you are then liable to be taken to tribunal too. Race relations act 1976-2001: This covers race discrimination in employment, training, education, housing, facilities and services and even advertising. In 2001 this act was amended to include discrimination by all public bodies’ e.g. council- Blackburn with Darwen social services. Direct discrimination occurs when a person is treated less favourably on racial grounds than he or she would treat another person, Could be defined as people with different skin colour, race, nationality or ethnic origin. This could potentially happen in the work place if an Afro-Caribbean was to only employ Afro-Caribbean or African works as this would be treating other ethnicity less favourable by giving them less favourable work or less paid work due to their race. This act is in place to prevent these things happening to people due to race as this could hinder their confidence with others in fear of being discriminated against or being given lack of opportunity, this legislation works by simply be prevented by having this ac t in place which gives prosecutions and punishments for not following it these prosecutions could occur if people did not know the correct terms to use to others and how to address people in the best possible way also you could help improve this by educating people on how they should and shouldn’t behave in the work place this this will help them be more educated and accepting of others, helping them to follow the race relations act. What is the mental capacity act 2005; The Mental Capacity Act is designed to protect people who can’t make  decisions for themselves or lack the mental capacity to do so. This could be due to a mental health condition, a severe learning difficulty, a brain injury, or stroke. This act has many purposes as it helps to assist service users in the best possible way, some of these purposes consist of; Allowing adults to make as many decisions as they can for themselves. This gives the service user some independence and helps to make them feel less controlled by service provider helping them to build self confidence in the long run as they are not being restrained to others making decisions for them. This helps to prevent discrimination by not treating a person differently because of their disability treating them as you would any adults. Enables adults to make advance decisions about whether they would like future medical treatment. This helps the service user understand the treatment they are going through and the d rugs/medication they will be taking without this they could feel unsafe as they don’t understand the medication they are being made to take, this helps prevents discrimination as it helps go with the service users rights of choice and right to protect their own body in case they didn’t want to go ahead with the treatment. An example of this act in use in health and social care setting is for example in a nursing home founded by the NHS a patient may have dementia and should still be able to make their own decisions such as what they would prefer for tea or if they would like to purchase something such as a TV, this will be giving the patient the right to their own choices and not restricting them too much. Also in this case they would need and advocate allocated to make important their decisions and care for them (e.g. daughter/husband). When all these things have been took into consideration it’s then made clear how important this act really is for the welfare of people with disabilities. It helps toward making them feel secure and not just another number as they can make their own personal decision on how they want things to go in the best way for them. Therefore promoting equality and reducing discrimination. Disability discrimination act; 2005-2006 The disability discrimination act is designed to end discrimination that may face many people with disabilities of various forms such as immobility, mental disabilities or physical disabilities. This act helps people who have these troubles and want to get on with their life as best as possible  whether it is in the work place or services provided to them by the health care system. Throughout this act it entails people with disabilities having rights in the areas such as, Running of public transport services, such as buses and trains- the government makes these more accessible and easier to get from a to b with disabilities, making things such as local councils, schools and hospitals more accessible for them so they can make sure no matter what their disability people can rather access for the service or work for it. When the act was emended in 2006 it was made sure Public bodies, like hospitals or local councils, now have to do a lot more to make sure that they don’t break the laws that protect disabled people, and give disabled people fair chances. This act can be enforced in health and social care setting such as dentists its essential that a patient with a disability is able to access your practice to enforce this you should ensure corridors are wide enough, if there are stairs there is a lift in which a wheelchair would fit, there is a suitable exit for anyone in a wheel chair in case of. This would be respecting all their rights and promoting anti-discrimination by setting an example to other practices and making the service user feel safe and valued. To conclude this section on who, how, where, and when acts are used in every day health and social care settings, I feel that it’s shown to everybody just the importance of the acts and the impact it has on both service users and providers to make them feel safe and valued, causing them to have more confidence in the system. These acts promote anti discriminatory practices and raises awarenes s on how people should and should not be treated no matter what their individual traits may be. The government has enforced these legislations in England to make sure every individual is receiving the correct and equal treatment from practices so the best care is given to them. By promoting this through practices such as hospitals it will help to promote anti-discriminatory practice nationwide and set standards and examples of how professionals and non-professionals should behave towards one another. M2- Assess the influence of a recent national policy initiative promoting anti-discriminatory practice. The main influence I think in the health and social care system is the equality act 2010, this act helps preventing discrimination in Great Britain and promoted anti-discriminatory practices especially in areas to do with health and social care, this policy is a great guideline for practices to follow in  order to meet service providers and service user’s needs. What is the equality act and why do we need it? Equality is used to protect service users and providers from discrimination and unfair treatment it’s also used to help promote anti-discriminatory practices and makes others in Britain aware of why discrimination is wrong and why everyone deserves to be treat as an equal. This act is good for many reasons; People enjoy life more if they are treated fairly. The country is richer because each and every person can do what they are best at. It is easier for people to live side by side and get on with each other if everyone is treated fairly. Without the equality act we would still be experiencing things such as, many women being paid less than men for the same kind of work. Clever children from poorer families wouldn’t do as well at school and in later life would struggle at finding a job due to the government not helping them as much, and they may receive poor health care which would also limit their chances in life. disabled people would be a lot less likely to have job as the without the equality act in place services were less expectant of disability’s and providing for them as it costed the system more money. People of different races would find it harder to get a job as racism was still shown and no prominently accepted by everyone by promoting racism through the act now though people know it’s not accepted and will try there best the help ethic minorities get jobs and be accepted in social care settings. many lesbian and gay people would worried about asking the police for help in case they are treated unfairly as t hey felt as though they was not accepted in society and by services providers and users before this act came about. This initiative is influencing my local area by making establishments such as hospitals more aware of equality issues which is helping to make it better for staff and service user a few examples of this in recent newspaper articles are; Bury Council is one of Britain’s top gay-friendly employers The local authority was the top performing council in the North West and gained particular recognition in the latest Stonewall workplace equality report for its Dignity at Work policy. Stonewall stated that the council has â€Å"a robust commitment to fostering a workplace culture where all employees are treated with dignity and respect†. The council is now listed as number 54 in  Stonewall’s Top 100 Employers list which showcases the progress being made in many workplaces towards full equality for Britain’s 1.7 million lesbian, gay and bisexual em ployees. This shows to me that governments initiative policies are helping make health and social care providers provide an overall better service, by not discriminating against anyone for their individual traits. This is just one example of how the equality act helps people to be treat to the best possible standard everyday by services, as well as being a promotion of an anti-discriminatory practice showing how by promoting equality it influences people in society and society’s work places to make a change. http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/archive/2014/02/12/11006078.Bury_Council_is_one_of_Britain_s_top_gay_friendly_employers/ Another way to make sure the equality act is being followed and anti-discriminatory practices are being promoted throughout Britain is by in the work place higher members of staff enforcing the equity duty this is a law for public bodies telling them they must think about how they can make sure their work supports equality. For example, in their services, through their jobs, and through the money they spend. Public bodies already need to think about treating people of different races, disabled people, and men and women fairly and equally. But this becomes even more important when employing and treating patients, as everybody in this setting needs the best possible level of equal care to ensure they feel safe and valued. Equity duty for example would cover a woman/man who is on maternity leave, the government has a legislation which states that when a woman/man working in a health and social care setting is having a child they should still be paid for their time off so they can spend time with the baby and support their partner, this is an equity duty ensuring that whether you are a woman or man working for a service you get maternity or paternity leave paid and it will not hinder future job opportunities. The equality acts state work places should obey by these set of legislation; â€Å"Your rights during pregnancy: you have the right to health and safety protection for you and your baby. You have the right to reasonable paid time off for your antenatal care. You are protected against unfair treatment and unfair dismissal because of your pregnancy (The law says that it is sex discrimination to treat a woman less favourably on the grounds of her pregnancy or because she wants to take or has taken maternity

Differentiate Between Hazard and a Risk Essay

* Differentiate between hazard and a risk. Hazard is anything that causes injury, disease, or death to humans, or damage to personal or public property, or deterioration or destruction of environmental components. Risk is suffering injury disease, death, or some other loss as a result of exposure to a hazard. (Boorse) * What risks from Figure 17-16 and Table 17-3 surprise you and why do they surprise you? In figure 17-3 the aids rate is what surprised me I didn’t think it would be that low. If anything I thought it would be at the top of the list, but I also thought that alcohol us would be higher than that since it is some many people that use alcohol. (Boorse) * Differentiate between hazard and outrage? Give an example of a low hazard risk but a high outrage risk. A hazard is a chance of being injured or harmed and outrage is an act of extreme violence or viciousness. Example: You see a person crossing a highway full of speeding traffic coming both ways and are filled with hesitations. This is because of perceived risk to his/her life because of an incoming traffic at a high speed. But the man/women themself perceives no risk as he feels he is in control of the situation and will easily cross the highway before the cars arrives. The hazard to the life of the person remains the same but you are outraged more than the person and this is why you feel a greater risk than the person himself. This is a concept that explains why some risks are felt greater than others.

The Development and Achievements of the Virtualized Servers Research Paper

The Development and Achievements of the Virtualized Servers - Research Paper Example This paper examines the development of the virtualized technology and its benefits to the organizations. The establishment of the Virtualization Technology Virtualization was initially established in the early 1960s to partition huge mainframe into small manageable virtue machines. With such partitions, the mainframe was capable of multitasking. The first developmental phase emphasized data center management and green objectives. This mainly targeted reducing data center space and minimizing the energy consumed by the system. Additionally, manufactures accessed strategies that would promote operation efficiencies by curtailing the proliferation of servers and reducing the total IT operation cost (Buytaert, Rogier & Juan 51). The 2nd phase considered promoting management and consistency of desktop applications. Developments in this stage targeted establishing thin client model, a common management, provision layer and a steadfast application server based on a managed data center. Virt ualization technology was shunned in the period of 1980s to 1990s due to the effect of the client-server applications, the x86-servers and desktops which promoted distribution of computation. Importantly, the outspread utilization of the Windows and development of Linux OS in the 1990s built x86 servers as the standard products in the industry (Buytaert, Rogier & Juan 39). Future establishment of the x86-server and utilization of desktops new IT infrastructure and functional challenges. These challenges have countered development of the virtualization technology and minimized it adoption. Challenges that have checked establishment of the virtualization technology An apparent challenge that has undermined development and adoption of the technology is the deployment of low infrastructure. Most organizations use one application per server to reduce the vulnerability of their system to attacks arriving from other applications. Additionally, the technology faces a challenge of high physi cal infrastructure costs. Infrastructure maintenance cost remains high since computing systems must remain operational throughout and this leads to power consumption, and increased cooling costs (Buytaert, Rogier & Juan 23). Importantly, there is a challenge of increased IT maintenance, which emanates from the advancement of the computing environment. Management of advanced virtualization technology demands specialized and experienced personnel. This escalates the system management cost since acquiring and maintaining such a group is costly. Furthermore, managing enterprise desktops is challenging since the system requires numerous patches and frequent upgrades (Buytaert, Rogier & Juan 185). Lastly, the technology faces serious challenges of security and scalability. There are insufficient disaster protection systems hence firms are vulnerable to systems breakdown and server applications inaccessibility. Additionally, the risk of security attacks, health pandemics, natural disasters and terrorism continues to counteract the growth of the technology. Importantly, flexibilities in the industry have introduced the problem of scalability. The IT industry is highly flexible hence demands a flexible technology. Developing and restructuring the Virtual infrastructures to accommodate novel developments is

Investigating obstacles and enabling located firms in special economic Essay

Investigating obstacles and enabling located firms in special economic zones - Essay Example The â€Å"special economic zone† (SEZ) is another term used to refer to the formation of modern economic region. In line with this, governments worldwide normally promote the development of SEZs in order to increase the chances wherein the country could experience increase not only in intra-regional and international trade activities but also the inflows of foreign investments and creation of new job opportunities for the local people (Wang, 2013; Brautigam and Xiaoyang, 2011). In the process of improving transportation infrastructure that connects the SEZs to the local market (Baissac, 2011, pp. 24 – 25), ports, and airports, more local and foreign investors will become more attracted in investing in SEZs. Companies that operate in SEZs are normally given special business incentives like duty-free imports, tax holidays, the benefit of having a more simplified procedure when dealing with the customs (FIAS, 2008, p. 2) or reduction in import taxes for foreign-based companies (Gunawardana and Sisombat, 2008). Since each type of SEZ is being governed by a different set of policies and rules particularly when it comes to taxation and conditions on investment and international trading (Dobrogonov and Farole, 2012, p. 5; Baissac, 2011, p. 23), this study aims to focus on analyzing the case of Savan-Seno Special Economic Zone (SASEZ) in Savannakhet Province in Laos. As such, the rationale for zone development will be tackled in details followed by discussing the geographical, economical, and international trade factors that can affect the performance of SASEZ. In relation to geographical, economical, and international trades, this study aims to identify the determinants of FDI, participation strategies used by foreign investors, and the common challenges these firms would normally encounter in SASEZ. The main objective of this study is to identify all geographic, economic, and international trade factors that

Consider how a currency appreciation might affect national income Essay

Consider how a currency appreciation might affect national income - Essay Example Currency Appreciation and National Income Currency appreciation may lead to an increase or a decrease in national income. According to Visser and Visser (2004, p. 58), currency appreciation improves the terms of trade in favour of the nation whose currency is appreciating. What this means is that there is likelihood of imported increasing in volume than the exported goods. This might play out negatively against the nation income considering the fact that GDP = C + I + G + EX – IM Whereby GDP = gross domestic product C = the sum of personal consumption expenditures, I = the private investment expenditures, G = the government consumption expenditures, EX = the expenditures on exports IM = the expenditures on imports To have a clear perspective on this, it should be noted that currency appreciation or depreciation has an effect on key macroeconomic variables which are â€Å"economic growth, employment and inflation† (Glanville & Glanville 2011, p. 369). Currency Appreciati on and Economic Growth An appreciation of a currency will affect the demand for export goods and supply of import goods. In both cases, the economy of the nation whose currency is appreciating is on the receiving end (Glanville & Glanville 2011. p. 369). ... ore imports without necessarily having to pay more money – the amount of money they used in the past to buy a certain volume of imports will now fetch a bigger volume of the same. Due to human nature, or more precisely according to the basic laws of economics, the local consumers will shift their demand from local goods to imported goods. This will certainly have an adverse effect on the local industries as the demand for their products falls. Incorporating this effect on the following equation - GDP = C + I + G + EX – IM - means that GDP is lowered (C, I and G are reduced while IM increases). Currency appreciation and exported goods The exports of a nation whose currency is appreciating will become more expensive in foreign markets. Because the currency has appreciated, foreign importers (those buying local good for foreign markets) will have to pay more for the same volume of goods they used to demand before the appreciation of the currency. In such a situation, the f oreign importers will either continue to buy the local goods or will seek alternatives such as getting the goods from different countries where prices are lower or stopping their import business all together. The world is so much connected and the later solution will be more attractive for any forward thinking consumer or organization. This again will see the nation with an appreciating currency lose its export market. Local industries again stand to suffer lower demands of their products. Substituting this effect in the equation GDP = C + I + G + EX – IM shows that the GDP again suffers because EX reduces. Therefore, in the two situations above, it is very clear that an appreciating currency will prompt the local consumers to shift their demand from local goods to exported goods and foreign

Gun Control Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gun Control Issue - Essay Example Holding a gun decreases the probability of attack. When people have weapons, criminals and juveniles have something to worry about. They are not the only ones with power. When they see that their victims have means of defense, they cut down on the violence. They then think before harming them because their own lives are at stake. In this way, fewer lives are lost than if people had no guns to protect themselves. If the latter was the case, criminals would go right ahead and shoot them because they themselves would have no loss of lives to worry about. To develop this point, a small-scale interview will be conducted. The population will be American citizens. The sample will contain two groups; 1) armed group and 2) unarmed group. A series of questions will be asked to educate the readers as to which group feels more secure and has had less trouble to deal with when it comes to criminals. Secondary data from different States will also be used before and after the changing of gun-contro l laws to find the degree of correlation between gun control and crime. There are over two hundred time-series and cross-sectional studies on gun-control (Lott, J.R., 2000). Secondly, I claimSecondly, I claim that if educated and reasonable people (who are not criminals) own guns, they are less likely to use it than if a juvenile has it. Even if everyone follows the realist approach and believe that they should hold guns and the total number of guns increase, there will still be less crime. This is because the population of normal people that own them, use them at most for self-defense. They do not use these to violate the constitution and create crime. Again, statistics will be used to show the probability of normal and reasonable people actually holding guns to do the crime. Finally, the third main point used to carry my statement is that the Supreme Court also supports it. If the Court believes that individuals should hold guns and if they have changed the gun-control laws countrywide, there must be a very good reason.  Ã‚  

Police Corruption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Police Corruption - Essay Example As compared to yesterday years, police corruption might have decreased but it has never left the system or the people responsible to operate the system have failed to erase its mark. Corruption conducted by police men ends up disrupting the entire system, corruption leads to lack of fair dealing, it ends up offending other individual’s moral and ethical values, individuals indulged in corruption end up committing immoral behavior, the benchmark gets distorted and it even acts against the moral standards of others operating in the policing system. The cost of corruption is very high and this increases the liability on the shoulders of the individuals of the policing system. Police corruption leads to the end of a positive relationship between the officials and the public. Discussion According to Carter and Baker, misconduct conducted by policing officials is of four types, these include: corruption, misbehavior, work-related deviance and deviance. Police corruption is not only conducted by the top officials, it is even found in the roots of the system which includes the lower ranks of the department. Officials throughout the hierarchy of policing system have been held responsible for conducting corruption and activities that can be counted as criminal in nature. The managerial levels of policing system are even corrupt and that is due to the special privileges that these officials have due to their positions. It is very hard to identify corruption conducted by managers in policing systems as these managers are in full control of all the activities conducted by the entire system. Theorists have divided corruption conducted by police managers into four types, which include: behaviors that are against the rules of the policing system, behaviors that are counted as negligent, behaviors that are recognized as wrong by policing system rules and these behaviors are conducted intentionally and lastly corruption is caused when managers fail to perform expected dut ies. The main concern of researchers is that why do police officials conduct corruption. Police corruption refers to all those illegal police activities conducted by police officials who exist in different positions of the hierarchy of the police system. In other words, police corruption is witnessed when an official working in the police department uses his position authority to gain material benefits. An act conducted by police officials is confirmed as an corrupt act when that behavior is recognized unlawful, the behavior results in wrongful use of position power and the behavior is conducted for any material gain. Activities such as stealing department assets, protecting criminals, and taking a bribe are considered as corrupt if the police official is on duty and conducting these activities. Police corruption takes place on individual as well as organizational level. Individual corruption takes place one only one official is involved in corrupt activities and organizational corr uption takes place when the entire system or department is conducting corrupt activities. Different theorists have defined police corruption in different ways, certain theorists define it as an act conducted by official for monetary benefits,

A Review on The Keita L'Heritage Du Griot Essay

A Review on The Keita L'Heritage Du Griot - Essay Example Others have already been assimilated into the western culture or the American way of life and have lost their identity as members of their original community. As such, they seek to spread the spirit of cosmopolitanism everywhere. This may be seen in the way the Europeans assimilated African societies and later the Africans chose to adopt almost everything that is western (Baaz and Palmberg 29). Others have imitated the western culture to some extent but retained their traditions when it comes to certain rituals that favor traditional points of view. The current globalization has made it difficult for many cultures to maintain their traditions and this has strained many relations. Those who live in rural areas are seen to be the greatest adherents of traditions and customs in many societies. However, the migration that has led many to leave the rural areas to the urban areas in search of greener pastures has come with its constraints (Howard 80). Many have abandoned their cultures and even forgotten about their traditional roots. They have been assimilated into other cultures that have come as a result of the different people that inhabit many of these urban centers. The media has also played a considerable role in eroding many beliefs that people held years ago in the name of civilization (Merlan 105). However, there are others who are termed as the indigenous people. These are groups of people who are said to have stuck to their traditional roots and continue to practice their cultures based on their historical ties that are said to have existed before colonization. These people maintain their cultures despite the big divide between theirs and the mainstream culture as well as political systems (WGIP 2). They have maintained their distinct social, economic and political systems that have remained relevant to them despite the civilization that has taken place around them. Many governments have tried to assimilate them into the mainstream societies but have met huge oppositions, and this has led to mistrust amongst the two groups (Clifford 93). For instance, the Aborigines of Australia have managed to get the backing of the Australian government after years of mistrust and arguments over their territorial boundaries. The Maori of New Zealand have also got the backing of the government and have even contributed in some nation building through their cultural activities (WGIP 3). Therefore, these indigenous persons are not a threat but an excellent way of maintaining national unity and peace. Governments need to understand the indigenous people, and should allow them to conserve the natural resources since they understand the importance of sustainable environmental practices. However, the problem that arises is the system that the government can utilize as a way of identifying these individuals. Defining the term may be quite challenging since different schools of thought bear different definitions (WGIP 3). However, experts in anthropology a dvise that it would be better to identify rather than define these people. If people would come forward and identify themselves with these communities and the communities accept the member as their own, it

STARBUCKS TIME MANAGEMENT Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

STARBUCKS TIME MANAGEMENT - Research Paper Example It is the largest coffeehouse worldwide. The organization structure of Starbucks focuses on the incorporation of corporate social responsibility into their department. Their strategy involves good sourcing, high level environmental performance in the development, and creation of new stores. They involve working together to be respected partnership in their communities and communicate their corporate social responsibilities. The type of organization structure of Starbucks is a functional structure which is comprised of all the departments that are required in an organization for smooth production of its goods and services. The organization structure is headed by the Chief Executive officer (CEO). In the year 2001 to 2005, Orin C. Smith was the President and CEO of Starbucks. Howard Schultz is the originator of the company, who is also the chairman. The Starbucks Company operates under the matrix organization structure. Their operation is under four U.S divisions, including Western Pacific, North West Mountain, South east pl ains and North east Atlantic. Under the CEO in the matrix structure, in the other divisions, there is the President, International Retail, Legal and Corporate Affairs, Finance, Supply Chain Operations, Marketing, Human Resources, Legal and Worldwide Public Affairs. The advantage of having this kind of structure is that it leads to maximized communication channels. Starbucks second part of the structure is the continuation of support functions, which operate at their individual departments supporting their shared goals and visions (Jones, 2005). There are 4 functions of management and every organization structure does play a role. They are; Planning, Organizing, Leading and Controlling. In Planning, it involves creation of business mission and objectives and establishing how to achieve. Those at the top of the organization hierarchy are mostly the ones involved since they have to identify the

Finance Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Finance Industry - Essay Example At present, debt factoring and debt subordination are the preferred means for companies to finance their needs for additional working capital. The financial flexibility provided by these two alternatives does not require the company management to relinquish any portion of their control or equity. They simply come with costs that then form part of the company's financing-related expenses. Many companies have huge accounts receivables in their balance sheets, relative to their other asset items. These accounts receivables can be of much better use to the company if they can be converted to cash sooner than their dates of collectability. Their conversion to cash through debt factoring should enable the company to do more business transactions and to produce higher income figures. (ABFA, 2009) Debt factoring is a three-party transaction that is consummated when a factor buys a company's accounts receivables, generally without recourse. Hence, the factor shoulders any losses resulting from the debtors' inability to pay. These debtors, by virtue of the factoring transaction, will be liable to pay the factor - not the original company creditor - the amounts due from them. (Brigham & Houston, 1998, p. 691) The factor does all three things: ensure the collection of the company's receivables, shoulder the losses resulting from bad debts and provide financing for the company through the purchase of its receivables. (Brealey, Myers & Marcus, 1995,p. 506) Meanwhile, debt subordination involves giving a specific creditor the last ranking in terms of claims on the debtor company's assets and income. Thus, subordinated debenture bonds - or uncollateralized debts - are issues that entitle owners to payments that are secured by what is left of the company after its secured debts, debenture bonds and other general liabilities have been settled. (Fabozzi, 2000, p. 86) Both debt factoring and debt subordination are available to companies with good credit records. Both can be handy tools for raising money to beef up the company's working capital, to take advantage of opportunities that require cash, to fund the company's acquisition of new plant equipments, to finance an expansion phase or to accomplish similar ventures. The Costs of Debt Factoring and Debt Subordination Factoring, then, helps to improve a company's cash flow. It also significantly reduces the expenses a company ordinarily incurs in doing preliminary credit investigation on each customer applying for a credit line and in ensuring the actual collection of their accounts receivable. In return for these benefits, debt factoring as an alternative comes with two costs that would have to be paid by the company: the interest and the fees. The interests charged amount to 1.50 to 3.00 percent over the prevailing base rate. Then fees in the scale of 0.75 to 2.50 percent of turnover are as well collected. (The UK Insolvency Helpline, 2009) Issuing subordinated debts, meanwhile, entail paying the service fees of investment companies and rating agencies and the interest rates attached to the debt instruments which may range from 10.00 to 15.00 percent. Related expenses are further incurred in the presentation, road-show and similar marketing activities that are all orchestrated to sell the company's subordinated debt instruments. Preparation

Manipulates History Essay Example for Free

Manipulates History Essay Richard III Manipulates the Court of York in the same way that Shakespeare Manipulates History. Discuss the links between the playwright and protagonist.  Richard may be portrayed as an evil, vile, lying murderer but he actually has many aspects in common with the man who shaped him into this revolting state of mind, Shakespeare himself. Shakespeares Richard III is one of the only written documents we have describing this misapprehended king and Shakespeare was born many years after his death so he had no possible way of knowing what happened first hand. All evidence points to Shakespeares ideas being total fiction just as the Richard he describes lies and slanders to the courts. When we first meet Richard he instantly begins a soliloquy to the audience who are captivated with resentment for him as they are the people included in his plots and plans and are powerless to impede them. Right from the start he establishes himself as a synonym for evil. He portrays to the audience about his physical deformity with pleasure, which we later see is a metaphor for his psychological state of mind. Being Cheated of feature by dissembling nature (Act I Scene 1 line 19) he uses it to mask his evil and rationalize his becoming a villain. He feigns upset and disappointment that people hate him solely because of his malformation and routinely feel sympathy for him.  Because I cannot flatter and look fair,  Smile in mens faces smooth, deceive and cog  I must be held a rancorous enemy.  (Act I Scene 3 Lines 43-50)  This of course is an example of dramatic irony as the audience and Richard both know that he really should be held a rancorous enemy and he does flatter, smile smooth, deceive and cog for example when he woos Anne in almost impossible circumstances. He validates his impiety by telling the audience of his boredom with life. He states I have no delight to pass away the time (Act I Scene 1 line 25) as he cannot caper nimbly in a ladys chamber (Line 12). Now the war is over there is nothing he is good at so he resorts to the only other thing he has left: using his aptitude to cause others misery. To him it is merely exciting to nearly get caught. He wants to be king but not for the joy of being king but for the suspense of getting there. All he really wishes to do is make his tedious life more interesting as really he has no need to be higher than he is at the beginning as the Duke of Gloucester is a very high position with nearly as much money as the king would have had as he was his brother. In any case he was definitely well off where he was.  Shakespeare was living under the reign of Elizabeth I and as would often write plays for royalty, he created one for her. Writing a play would definitely impress Elizabeth and get him into her good books, he would certainly have gotten a large sum of money for it if she liked it. This was the time of the Tudor dynasty the foundation of which was when Richard III was killed and Richmond became king. By writing this play Shakespeare set out to diminish the fact that this had undermined the Divine Right of Kings. If he had portrayed Richard as a good man then Richmond could have been said to be wrong and evil for killing a righteous man and his claim to the throne devalued along with Elizabeth I as they were related. Shakespeare would have most likely been killed for suggesting this, but by making Richmond seem virtuous benevolent and respectable he was also flattering the Queen. Through the course of the play Richard doesnt ever think twice about quickly disposing of enemies in his way. He cleverly lets them seal their own fate with one word. When Hastings was no longer any use to him he first used Buckingham to stir things up and push him onto thin ice. Then Richard comes onstage in an angry mood talking of witchcraft and as soon as Hastings says If they have done this, my noble lord- (Act III Scene 4 Line 72) Richard immediately and tactfully picks up the word if. It is what he has been waiting for and clamours Talkst thou to me of ifs? Thou art a traitor. Off with his head! (Lines 74-75) He has skilfully sealed Hastings fate with one word. He also uses the fact that the two princes are illegitimate as an excuse to murder them, telling Buckingham I wish the bastards dead (Act IV Scene 2 Line 19) But he has the common sense not to make a public matter and hires a private assassinator to do the butchery.  From the very beginning when Richard successfully woos Anne he reveals to the audience that he does not truly care about her at all and will unhesitatingly get rid of her as soon as she begins to get in his way. He says Ill have her, but I will not keep her long (Act I Scene 2 Line 233) and as soon Richard sees that the best way to the throne is to marry his niece he quickly disposes of Anne with little thought telling Catesby to Rumour it abroad that Anne my wife is very grievous sick (Act IV Scene 2 Line 52) and Give out that Anne my queen is sick and like to die (Line 58). With this rumour spread Richard can easily kill Anne off without raising suspicion as everybody is expecting her to die. The play begins unusually with Richard himself giving a soliloquy. In it he brags to the audience about the plots [I have] laid, inductions dangerous Clarence and the king in deadly hate (Act I Scene 1 Lines 34-35). He cycles through his strategies with the audience saying G of Edwards heirs the murderer shall be (Line 41) is a rumour he has spread. This is also moderately dangerous for Richard to say as he is the duke of Gloucester. But Richard is just playing with fire and finds the slight danger amusing as it makes his life more interesting and exciting. When Clarence arrives with the prison guard he immediately transforms to a caring, loving brother but subtly plays on words saying I will perform it to enfranchise you (Line 110) which means to Clarence that Richard will do anything to free him but the audience and Richard both know that he will do anything to free Clarence from life. This is the same case later when he tells Clarence Your imprisonment shall not be long (Line 114) as the audience also knows that this is because he will be dead soon. As soon as Clarence is out of earshot, Richard mutates back into his true identity stating Clarence hath not another day to live (Line 151). He is proud of his management of Clarence but tells himself and the audience Clarence still breathes, Edward still reigns, when they are gone, then must I count my gains (Lines 162-163). His plan is not complete yet. Richards plan is rushed somewhat when there is news that the king is on his deathbed. He wants Edward to die but not before he has signed Clarences death warrant and so goes to Edward To urge his hatred more to Clarence (Line 148). He is Deformed, unfinished, sent before [my] time (Act I Scene 1 Line 20) and may kill anyone anytime, but is not just pure evil. He is also an extremely intelligent character, with his quick thinking and clever use of words, who could possibly have been a great king if he would use his vast intellect for good, which is mainly why the play is not only a history but also a tragedy, as we know Richard could make something of himself.  The court of York is already very unstable, the king is ill, the heir to the throne is a child and his protector is Richard, A man that loves not me nor none of you (Act I Scene 3 Line 13) and Richard uses this to his advantage. When Elizabeth threatens to g to the king about Richard he immediately comes out with all the crimes she had committed against the king.

Maintain a balance work life for employees

Maintain a balance work life for employees In todays workplace, the environment is constantly evolving. Many of the ideas that will be driven in HR firms will be based upon working to adapt to these changes while being proactive as well. This is the eventuality that must be confronted while trying to maintain a balance work life for employees and manages alike. Measuring performance will take on a new dynamic, as well as, employee/manager interactions. Work will become less bound by the walls of a building in more ways than one. The challenge for many companies will be developing a HR system that is flexible enough to conform to these changes while anticipating the foreseeable future. The HR department of the future must reevaluate the relationship between manager and employee. In many service based organizations, managers function as coaches on the floor. Most commonly in call centers, they listen to prerecorded and live employee/customer interactions. Next, they do an evaluation of the employee and subsequently inform them of strengths and weaknesses. Human resource departments expect managers to use this time to build rapport with their employees while also trying to reinforce a commitment towards accountability. Sometimes there may be a need for corrective action. This requires a manager to tread a thin line between confidant and disciplinarian. Often when these relationships become strained, the HR department works as a mediator to resolve any tension. If the relationship between employee and manager becomes beyond repair, then HR is expected to arbitrate the situation. The survey of 572 Canadian HR Reporter readers and members of the Human Resources Professi onals Association found 95.6 of respondents agree or strongly agree HR professionals have responsibilities that go beyond serving the interest of employers or clients (Klie, May 2010, p 10). Many HR departments seem like they have an issue maintaining this standard. Another survey conducted by Canadian HR Reporter indicated 36.9 percent of its respondents believed that HR usually served in the favor of employers (Balthazard, May 2010, p 11). It is clear that HR must try and maintain the prescience of fairness, in lieu of these glaring statistics: failure to do so could result in tremendous consequences. In situations where productivity is tapering off, HR departments are forced to make decisions that call for radical changes, such as, reassigning manager teams and revisiting employee policies. Adjusting to these changes provide challenges for employees and managers alike. Whenever there is major change, it is the initial transition period that provides the most difficulty. In the event of applying stricter employee/manager regulations, HR departments must anticipate the backlash that maybe pending. It is during this period that employees suffer from lower morale and turnover becomes more prevalent. This makes managing personalities a little more difficult for line managers; therefore, driving a wedge between them and employees. The final prospect that the company is looking at after this fallout is the very real possibility of losing mental and financial capital. Simply put, it costs money and time to train new employees. Hiring a new employee costs $1,580 on average (Hagel, Spring 2007, p 12). This is not a cheap cost for any company to incur and it bound to add up to an immense expense if turnover becomes an issue. The lost of an employee with many years of experience is immeasurable. In short, they tend to make work far more seamless than their less knowledgeable counterparts and dont require as much time for training. One obvious challenge for HR departments headed into this new decade is certain: minimizing turnover in the midst of new employee regulations. In the future, Human Resources will have to find more inventive ways to involve employees and managers in the process of establishing new rules and regulations. This will make employees more knowledgeable of any pending changes on the horizon: minimizing the time and effort it would normally take to retrain current employees. This would not compromise too much since HR heads still maintain the authority of having the final say on matters of policies. What may transpire; however, is a process of educating HR personnel, line managers, and employees alike. Employees tend to be aware of certain nuances of customer interaction that line managers and hr personnel may not be privy to. A few suggestions from the everyday worker could spark better ideas from Human Resources to solve compelling problems that may exist. Managers tend to notice certain trends concerning employee behavior and may also be able to influence more efficient policy as well. Evaluating company rules and mission stateme nts require more than a simple process of crunching statistics: it requires that the application of knowledge obtained from real, at work scenarios be applied and put to practice. The usage of customer, employee, and managerial surveys can make the evaluation process that much simpler while still giving stakeholders some power to influence HRs decision making process. Most importantly, companys maybe able to better engage their employees in the workplace as a result. . A question posed to a communications manager at Coca Cola Enterprises; was summed up with this basic response, Achieving world-class engagement scores is one of our long-term business priorities, so our leaders are committed to it. At a recent conference for our top 300 managers in Europe, they insisted that we devoted an entire afternoon to analyzing the headline results of our latest employee engagement survey and forming some early action plans, which is really encouraging(Strategic Communications Management, Dec 2009/Jan 2010). It is safe to say that engaging employees are a major concern for HR firms. The knowledge of employee engagement can provide the company with an asset vital to understanding just how hard to push workers and when to relent. Employee engagement measurement is most effective when thought of in terms of a series of related inputs and outputs (Brown Kelly, Oct/Nov 2006, p22). HR must be able to decide sufficient factors for deciding which inputs best reflect productivity, in conjunction with, the corresponding outputs. Many companies already use phone, mail, and internet surveys to obtain customer opinions, in order to, develop efficient strategies. . This can be an effective way of getting employee and managerial opinions for the purpose of evaluating engagement. . With the advent of current technology, obtaining this type of information from customers, managers, and employees is just one of the many processes that can be facilitated to make HRs job that much easier. The face of HR is changing quite rapidly. By the year 2020, it is expected that 75 percent of organizations will be outsourcing their HR functions (Millar, April 2004, p 3). .This could possibly provide a better opportunity for HR departments to act in an independent interest. The perceptions of HR are definitely going to change over the course of the upcoming years and will totally require revising even more ideas. According to SHRM research, 80 percent of respondents will increase their use of technology to handle HR transactions (Sandler, Rath, Troy, et al., October 2004). In short, a lot more of the decisions made by HR department will be determined by programs that calculate productivity and monitor spending. The demands of improving the usage of technology must be met with developing hr personnel for management through technology. 57 percent of HR focus survey respondents believed that increased investments in training for HR staff would be vital (Sandler, Rath, Troy, et al., O ctober 2004). It should be noted that with this demand of increased training investments will follow a responsibility to select the most capable candidates for HR, managerial, and employee positions. A study by the Society for HR Management estimates the cost of a poor hire for intermediate positions at $20,000, senior management at $100,000 and sales representatives at $300,000. Pierre Mornell, in his book Hiring Smart, says that if you make a mistake in hiring and you recognize and rectify the mistake within 6 months, the cost of replacing the employee is two and one-half times the persons salary. For example, if you were to use this formula, the cost of a poor hiring decision for a candidate earning $50,000 per year would be $125,000 (Hagel, Spring 2007, p 12). This is a high expense for any company to have to incur. Making the correct hires from the top down would most likely ensure that companies spend less money replacing inefficient workers. It is rather safe to conclude that maintaining a successful corporate takes a lot of careful evaluation. There is a need for affirmative evaluation and not too much guessing. Without a reliable plan, a company could find itself losing tremendous amounts of money and having to spend extra time creating a more effective approach. No company has the perfect method for HR management, in respect to, running an efficient operation. Some companies just realize that aiming towards that goal requires looking at running a company from all angles. This is the ultimate challenge that companies face in the HR sector.

Autonomous Vehicle Parking Using Finite State Automata Information Technology Essay

Autonomous Vehicle Parking Using Finite State Automata Information Technology Essay Our project is based on the autonomous parking using finite state automata. The invention of the autonomous parking system in which the elevator, lifter and computer are connected in group such that each unit swap information as it require and then the system calculating processes of loading and unloading a car, issuing the parking ticket and then identifying the parking ticket. The parking system include a elevator , lifter, computer, database for storing vehicle number data and information data which only display that how many car are parking in different floors and then elevator load car , park in vacant floor and unloaded the car one by one and. The process of elevator is to pick and lift the car from ground to parking area and then back to it owns position. The present invention narrates to a system of controlling a autonomous parking system and calculating a parking fee and more principally to a parking control system to which a computer, a control unit, a parking ticket issuer, and a parking ticket recognizer are connected through a network for allowing any required information to be used among them. Description of the Prior Art Generally in a conventional autonomous parking system, a car is moved to a respective floor along hoist way with use of a lift, and then parked in respective parking space with use of pallets. In that system, a fee calculator and a parking ticket issuer are separately operated such that each operation of a parking machine, a parking ticket issuer, and the fee calculator is performed separately. History The parking of vehicles in the employment center of larger cities of the world has increasingly become a major problem. Not only is there insufficient available land for surface parking but the high cost of the land makes such a use economically infeasible. In addition, the aggregation of a large amount of vehicles causes traffic, environmental, aesthetic, and pollution problems. The solution to locate parking facilities in more remote areas where land cost are lower is also not feasible because of inconvenient distances to areas of employment and potential safety and security problem To construct large underground parking facility in these congested center city areas also create major problem because of the high cost of the instruction the multitude of underground utility encountered and the inevitable distribution to existing services during the construction period This complex situation indicates that the use of small low volume underground parking facility with the capability of the fitting within the existing infra structure would be highly desirable. Not only would be they be able to be located conveniently to the drivers destination but they also have potential to maintain the surface above the parking facility in a park Other generators that demand more convenient, close or adjacent parking solution include office buildings, apartments, hotels and institutions where surface parking would not meet the requirements by reason of restricted land area, high land costs, inconvenient access, security, and environmental factors. In response to these needs for alternative and convenient parking, the engineering group endeavored to engineer a solution. They had previously solved couples design challenges in the construction industry by utilizing an approach that included standardization and variety reduction in order to reduce construction costs and time and to provide greater consumer benefit. Their solution was autonomous parking system, a modular automated parking system that could be installed below or above ground, alone or in repeat modules. This approach provided the advantages of minimizing inconvenience, expediting construction time, and lowering construction cost. Its compact area permitted it to be built in center city areas, while avoiding the problems of interference with dense underground utilities and major disruptions to these services. INTRODUCTION Autonomous parking is an autonomous car planning from a line of traffic into a parking place to perform parallel parking. The autonomous parking intends to develop the ease and safety of driving in controlled situations where much attention and knowledge is required to steer the vehicle. The parking scheme is achieved by means of synchronized control of the steering angle and speed which takes into account the actual circumstance in the environment to make sure collision-free motion within the available space. OR The automated vehicle parking system for a parking facility that be in handle with a vehicle approaching or leaving the facility with RF signals, or the like, that identify the vehicle and sends the vehicle identification number, time of day, and lane number to a central computer for calculating the parking cost based on rates for each individual vehicle stored in the computer. [7] EVOLUTIONARY FUNCTIONAL TEST OF THE AUTONOMOUS PARKING SYSTEM THE AUTONOMOUS PARKING SYSTEM As an automobile manufacturer, DaimlerChrysler is continuously developing new systems in order to improve vehicle safety, quality, and comfort. Within this context, prototypical vehicle systems are developed, which support autonomous vehicle parking a function that might be introduced to the market in some years time. The autonomous parking systems regarded in this paper are intended to automate parking lengthways into a parking space, like shown in Fig.1. For this purpose, the vehicle is equipped with environmental sensors, which register objects surrounding the vehicle. On passing along, the system can recognize sufficiently large parking spaces and can signal to the driver that a parking space has been found. If the driver decides to park in the vehicle can do this automatically. Fig 1: Functionality of Autonomous Parking System [1] In Fig.2 the system environment for the autonomous parking system is shown. The inputs are sensor data, which contain information on the state of the vehicle, e.g. vehicle speed or steering position, and information from the environmental sensors, which register objects on the left and right hand side of the vehicle. For output the system possesses an interface to the vehicle actors, where the vehicles velocity and steering angle will be set. The internal structure of the autonomous parking Fig 2: System Environment- [2] The parking space detection processes the data from the environmental sensor systems and delivers the recognized geometry of a parking space if it has been detected to be sufficiently large. The parking controller component uses the geometry data of the parking space together with the data from the vehicle sensors to steer the vehicle through the parking procedure. For this purpose, velocity and steering angle are set for the vehicle actors. Fig 3: Subcomponents of Autonomous Parking System [3] Some proposals for solving of parking problems A good decision is to be built automated parking systems for cars preferably served by stacker cranes (see fig 4), that are the basic element of the automated warehouse structures. Fig 4: [4] Brief Description about FINITE STATE AUTOMATA Finite-State Automata A finite-state transducer whose output components are ignored is called a finite-state automaton. Formally, a  finite-state  automaton  M is a tuple , where Q,  , q0, and F are defined as for finite-state transducers, and the transition table  Ã‚  is a relation from Q ÃÆ'- (  Ã‚  {}) to Q. Kinds of Finite State Automata 1. DFA 2. NFA What is NFA? In the theory of computation, nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA)  is a  finite state machine  where for each pair of state and input symbol there may be several possible next states. This distinguishes it from the  deterministic finite automaton  (DFA), where the next possible state is uniquely determined. Although the DFA and NFA have distinct definitions, it may be shown in the formal theory that they are equivalent, in that, for any given NFA, one may construct an equivalent DFA, and vice-versa: this is the  power set construction. Both types of automata recognize only  regular languages. Non-deterministic finite state machines are sometimes studied by the name  sub shifts of finite type. Non-deterministic finite state machines are generalized by  probabilistic automata, which assign a probability to each state transition. Formal Definition Two similar types of NFAs are commonly defined: the NFA and the  NFA with ÃŽÂ µ-moves. The ordinary NFA is defined as a  5-tuple, (Q, ÃŽÂ £,  T,  q0, F), consisting of a finite  set  of states  Q a finite set of  input symbols  ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ £ a transition  function  T  :  Q  ÃƒÆ'- ÃŽÂ £ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  P(Q). an  initial  (or  start) state  q0  Ãƒ ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‹â€ Ã‚  Q a set of states  F  distinguished as  accepting  (or  final)  states  F  Ãƒ ¢Ã…  Ã¢â‚¬  Ã‚  Q. What is DFA? In the  theory of computation, a  deterministic finite state machine-also known as  deterministic finite state automaton  (DFSA) is a  finite state machine  where for each pair of state and input symbol there is one and only one transition to a next state, as opposed to a  nondeterministic finite-state machine, which has the possibility of multiple transitions . DFAs recognize the set of  regular languages  and no other languages. A DFA will take in a string of input symbols. For each input symbol it will then transition to a state given by following a transition function. When the last input symbol has been received it will either accept or reject the string depending on whether the DFA is in an accepting state or a non-accepting state. Formal Definition A DFA is a 5-tuple, (Q, ÃŽÂ £, ÃŽÂ ´,  q0,  F), consisting of a finite set of  states  (Q) a finite set of input symbols called the  alphabet  (ÃŽÂ £) a transition  function  (ÃŽÂ ´Ã‚  :  Q  ÃƒÆ'- ÃŽÂ £ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  Q) a  start state  (q0  Ãƒ ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‹â€ Ã‚  Q) a set of  accept states  (F  Ãƒ ¢Ã…  Ã¢â‚¬  Ã‚  Q) Finite State Machine of Autonomous Vehicle parking Language (L) = {pick car, first floor, second floor, third floor, go to, back, ground, elevator} Third Floor Second Floor First Floor Elevator Ground stand Back into position goto Pick Car back goto goto goto Back back goto goto Fig 5 Finite State Machine of Autonomous Vehicle parking NFA to DFA Finite State Machine of Autonomous Vehicle parking Let assigned digit code to each statement in above machine. e d c b a 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 Tabular Form S x I 0 1 a A B b A cde c A D d C E e D error cde Acd de acd Ac bde de Cd E ac A bd bde Acd cde cd Ac de bd Ac cde b a cde cd de ac bde DFA Machine 0 0 1 0 1 0 acd 1 1 1 0 0 0 bd 1 0 1 1 0 0 Q={a,b,c,d,e} q0={a} qf={a,c,d,e} Language= {0,1} S=Q X I S= (a, 0) = a S= (a, 1) = b S= (b, 0) = a S= (b, 1) = cde S=(c, 0) = a S=(c, 1) = d S= (d, 0) = c S= (d, 1) = e S= (e, 0) = d S= (e, 1) =error Autonomous Parking Solutions Autonomous parking solutions are capable to way store huge number of vehicles within sufficient space. How Autonomous Parking System works The procedure of autonomous parking solution begins as soon as elevator come to pick the car, the door I s then closed and after that stored into vacant parking space and automatically return to entry box when we press the button. Maximizing the use of space for parking Besides the ease of parking for the user, maximum parking capacity is guaranteed because there are no slopes of carriageways with the autonomous parker. Reasons why Autonomous Parking System is the ideal solution There are several reason why autonomous park is the ideal solution because whenever and wherever the huge number of vehicle park need to be park over the available space, e.g. optimum access times, comfortable operation, protection against theft, robbery, burglary and harm, low maintenance requirements, and last but not least, high adaptability to the individual garage planning project with respect to the options regarding maximum possible car heights. [6] Automated Parking General Descriptions Below is a list of terms and definitions to better assist you in understanding the nomenclature in the FATA Sky parks automated parking systems. Entry section The point where the driver parks their vehicle. Exit section The point where the driver retrieves their vehicle and where the APS will transport the vehicle when the request is made. Joint Entry and Exit The vehicle is dropped off and picked up at the same section. This option requires extra space allow for a turntable to turn the vehicle around. Turntable Speeds up the retrieval time by simplifying the exit system in combination sections. The vehicle is turned 180 degrees and is ready to be driven forward out of the Combined Entry/Exit module, rather than being backed out. Robot Shuttle The mechanical part of the system that picks up the parked vehicle in the entry/exit or combo section and moves the vehicles horizontally along the primary walkway to a vertical lift or available parking space. Multiple robots can be used. Dedicated Robots Robot shuttles that are dedicated to each parking floor. benefit once the vehicle is put down on a vertical lift the robot can retrieve another call on that level. The dedicated choice is generally a faster system. Roaming Robots Robot shuttles that travel through the system with the vehicles on them by riding up on a end-of-aisle lift. Benefit less robots are used, but release times are compact. Autonomous The robots move separately from each other. Advantage if a robot requires service the efficiency of the system is only modestly affected. Off-Corridor Vertical Lift The portion of the system that moves the vehicles vertically from the entry level to an above/below ground-parking floor. Used in conjunction with dedicated robot shuttles and only transfers the vehicle to alternate floors. Typically used on systems that have a robot aisle greater than 75-100 in length to increase delivery speeds. End-of-aisle Vertical Lift The section of the system that moves the vehicles vertically from the entry level to an above/below ground-parking floor. Used in combination with Roaming robot transports and lifts the robot carry and vehicle to alternate floors. Typically used for systems with a robot aisle less than 100 in length. Layout The organization of the parking structure including the demonstration of parked vehicles off of the robot aisle. Conventional parking pass on to the typical concrete parking structures with vehicle slope access to multiple floors. Non-Automated Queuing Time Queuing time refers to the time necessary the system is busy before another vehicle is allowed to enter the system. Queuing time is dependent relative on the entry and exit time of the driver (length of time to depart or enter the parked car) and the amount of automated lifts, robots, and entry / exit modules utilized. Attendant Requirements No attendant is required, however, an attendant is useful in assisting drivers to negotiate the system. If the parking lot is open to the public and not strictly the building tenants, an attendant is recommended. Benefit of parking Guidance System/Autonomous Parking System The obvious benefit of automated parking systems  is the ability to fit more cars in less space which can solve many parking problems, but there are many other benefits to the developer, operator,  consumer and society in general.   For example, consider the countless acres  of open space consumed by  parking lots  and all the storm water runoff generated by that entire impervious surface.   Self park ramp garages  are more efficient, but still take twice the space as an automated parking facility.     By contrast, automated parking garages are a green solution since they  preserve open space,  have low energy consumption and have no carbon emissions, because vehicles are shut off before being parked in the system. General benefits Decrease in time spent for searching parking. The efficiency and accessibility benefits from reduced searching can also cause good result in some lessening in accidents due to reduced driver frustration Reduced pollution. Changes in pollutant emissions due to Parking Guidance information are most closely related to changes in overall travel time, for example, yearly pollutant release are reported to have been reduced due to a PGI system in Munich, Germany. Reduction in traffic jams due to fewer cars driving around for spaces searching.   Elimination of stand in line entering parking facilities because drivers will not go to a facility where there is no available space.   Reduction in unlawfully parked vehicles.   Better distribution of flow and parking demand through the area. Autonomous parking systems result in higher revenues and profitability for the parking facilities.   Operator Benefits    Reduced labor    Reduced liability    Reduced lighting HVAC      Total control over access enforcement Consumer Social Benefits    Eliminate fender benders    Eliminate theft and vandalism    Reduce carbon emissions    Preserve open space Highlights of autonomous parking The main highlights of the automated parking systems served by stacker crane in comparison with other systems are: optimum use of the available space, minimum room of a parking automobile, no need of platforms and staircases, module principle of building, that meets the requirements of the clients, shortening the time needed for building a parking system, Less time for parking and forwarding because of the high traveling speed of the stacker crane and simultaneously vertical and horizontal movement and so on. Examples of Autonomous Parking System Features of Hoboken, New Jersey Benefits of the autonomous parking system include: optimization of space utilization, security, convenience, lower garage owners liability insurance, greater reduction schedule, lower lighting and ventilation requirements (no cars driving around inside; no people go inside), and lower emissions and less pollution (clean parking system). Car Towers at the Autostadt: A Hive for Beetles Fig [5] Features The Car Towers is a 20-story tall car storage space tower in Wolfsburg, Germany. Its owned operated by Volkswagen, which enlighten why all the cars around 800 at full capacity are VWs. The Car Towers has often been used to demonstrate public parking garages of the future even though its a private endeavor that merely allows VW to save space. Dubai Robotic Car park Fig - [8] Features The robotic car park in Deira, Dubai (above) doesnt have the enough storage space of the Car Towers (14 cars instead of 800) but it is practical, workable and open for business. A 67-car capacity robot car park in New Yorks Chinatown works on the same principal. CONCLUSIONS The future belongs to the automated parking garages and the efforts made in this direction account for the investments. Automated parking garages are better decision from the social point of view. For example the owners of cars who park their cars in parking automat are forced to pay higher parking charges. This is extremely important in order to shorten the time for servicing a single cell for parking, which is a basic criteria in building automated parking systems for cars. Summary The primary purpose of this autonomous parking study was to determine short-term and long-term recommendations to improve parking in cities. The parking study initially evaluated existing conditions, determined primarily through reviews of background materials (including previous parking studies), . The examination of existing conditions provided the baseline data from which future development, with its impact on parking supply and demand, could be evaluated. Finally, parking alternatives were considered to address future needs, as well as improve the utilization and efficiency of existing parking resources. Future parking alternatives included potential parking supply changes, as well as general parking management strategies.

High and Popular Islam Essay -- Islam History Religion

History of the Middle East and North Africa 600-1258 Unlike India that has a clearly defined caste system to divide classes, other nations have classes that are implied by economic and social differences. The Middle East after the rise of Islam had an implied class system as well, referred to as High Islam and Popular or Low Islam. There is no actual High and Popular Islam that people are officially divided into, but is perceived through historical analysis. They are concepts derived from historical findings that provide a way to compare and contrast the people, religion, and government of Islam. (Frierson) Hopefully this essay will shed some light on these concepts. â€Å"Allah is the Protector of those who have faith: from the depths of darkness He will lead them forth into light.† (Cow 2:257) Jesus Christ would never have expected animated DVD’s, Santa upstaging neither his ‘birthday’, nor the endless sects of Christians all claiming to truly understand his message and scripture. (Unless of course one is Christian and believes he is god and therefore knows all) Whether Muhammad foresaw the possibility of the Muslim community headed for similar disregard of the sacred is debatable. However, the fact that the sin of idolatry was so feared by Muslims has proven substantial power to suppress the same abandonment of the sacred that Christianity has modernized to. Despite the lack of Muhammad dolls and Allah t-shirts, the religion of Islam evolved into a government, empire, and ultimately a vague ideal of holiness interpreted thousands of ways. Having a faceless, mysterious deity not only prevented commercialism of a religion, but served to allow any culture to adopt their unique vision of God. When Muhammad first formed the small... ... English translation of The Koran. London: Penguin Classics, 2006. Specific Sura The Cow (Referred to as Cow) Frierson, Elizabeth. In-class lectures, PowerPoint’s, and Portfolio Guidelines University of Cincinnati Course Number 15-HIST-170-001, 20 September- October 2010. (Referred to as Frierson) Haug, Dr. In-class lectures and PowerPoint’s, University of Cincinnati Course Number 15-HIST-170-001, 20 September- October 2010. (Referred to as Haug) Lewis, Bernard. Islam: from the Prophet Muhammad to the Capture of Constantinople, Volume 1. Oxford University Press, 1987. (Referred to as Lewis 1) Lewis, Bernard. Islam: from the Prophet Muhammad to the Capture of Constantinople, Volume 2. Oxford University Press, 1987. (Referred to as Lewis 2) Ochsenwald, William and Sidney Fisher. The Middle East: A History. McGraw-Hill, 2004. (Referred to as F&O)

George Bernard Shaws Pygmalion Essay examples -- George Shaw Pygmalio

George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion G.B Shaw believed that people should not be limited by their birth, environment or speech. With reference to Act 1 & Act five of Pygmalion, show how Eliza finds her status affected by all of these factors. At the time George Bernard Shaw wrote Pygmalion in 1912, many people were troubled with accents that prevented them from reaching high & in act 1, Eliza's character is an example of this. In act 1, we see how Eliza was very limited by her environment, her job, & her speech by the way that she was treated differently for who she was. The society at the time Pygmalion was written was very set & if you were born into a lower class family, you were not seen as anything better than that. Eliza was a lower class flower girl whose speech was not Standard English & difficult to understand. She came from the slum streets of London & was as clean as she could afford to be but to the upper class people she was 'worthless' & 'dirty'. Higgins was an upper class man who studied phonetics. He was written as someone who believed in the class system & that he should not associate with the likes of 'Eliza' who was 'just a flower girl' & a 'disgrace to the English language'. The play does reflect the society at the time & Shaw incorporated the way people treated other people into the play quite effectively. The Aynsford-Hills were a middle class family but whose status was slowly sliding down. In act 1, 'the daughter' has Higgins's view of lower class people & doesn't treat Eliza nicely just because she is a flower girl. Shaw wanted to include his thoughts on society, language & drama into Pygmalion. He thought society was unfair & that 'no one should be limited by his or h... ...closed on her, & she could never go back to who she was originally no matter how much she wanted to because she is seen as upper class so to be back selling flowers on the street would not be in her character anymore. I think she feels she is better off because she has a lot of knowledge from Higgins, more independence & the upper class status. At the end, just because of the way she spoke & the clothes she wore, she was automatically seen as upper class. She was not born into a wealthy family. She started off as a common flower girl & ended up as an upper class duchess but technically all that happened to her was that she was taught how to be a lady. So this proves that throughout the play Eliza's status was affected by her birth, environment & speech in a way that it completely changed the way she was judged by other people in the space of six months.

How I See Television :: Personal Narrative Media Entertainment Essays

How I See Television I love television with all my heart, I also hate it with a passion. I have many reasons for my emotional dyslexic connection to television. I love the feeling I get when Thursday rolls around and the Apprentice is on NBC. Who will be eliminated tonight? What will their task be? I love Home and Garden Television. They do home renovations in two days time, show us how to plan and carry out a fabulous dinner party in an evening, and demonstrate how to create fabulous decorations for any holiday season. DIY or Do It Yourself television is equally inspiring, though neither are actually inspiring enough for me to have attempted any of the projects I learned about, but that is beside the point. When I would talk about different shows, my friend would get a confused look on his face and say, â€Å"I’m not familiar with that show, if it’s not on PBS then I wouldn’t have seen it.† That is the defining statement of a PBS snob, he admits it. Different people could fill in the ‘PBS’ designation with the ‘History Channel’ or the ‘Discovery Channel’. At that point I knew it was futile to even attempt to convey how funny the show was that I watched, it would have been lost on him. There is a sense of superiority when people say, â€Å"Oh, I don’t watch television.† Like we immediately picture them reading War and Peace instead of watching the finale of The Bachelor. I think of them as alcoholics that don’t allow themselves to watch any television because they would soon find themselves sitting among stacks of pizza boxes and bags of trash, watching Stella plan her big day on â€Å"Whose We dding is it Anyway?† It’s on HGTV if you are interested. Last year we signed up with Dish Network and now get about four hundred channels. Part of the package includes a PVR, or personal video recorder. We can record up to 60 hours of programming and watch a recorded show while another is recording. My goal is to avoid commercials as they waste valuable time. Several months ago, actually it was four days before the presidential election, our television started acting funny with squiggly lines every so often.

Critical analyzing of the knowledge Essay

The role of a manager can be a complex job and although I have opted for five topics there are many more attributes to this position. Using my previous experiences, various research from books that I have read and the internet I will try to explain the rationale for my conclusions. In this essay I will look at the following five topics, Leadership, Communication, Delegation, Decision Making and Support which will help conclude, in my opinion, the five most important skills required to successfully fulfill the a position of a twenty first century manager. These skills underpin the knowledge and abilities which are of key importance to the pivotal role of the manager. LeadershipLeadership is about focusing on the most important resource available to them, i.e people. This process should include the development, academically and professionally of your people. It is important to encourage communication, engaging their thoughts and ideas to promote a win win situation. A manager should always motivate, encourage and promote excellent work, even in the most trying circumstances. A leader must always be aware of the ultimate goals of the organization, and know how their own objectives fit with them. Once these goals have been established you must ensure that your team understands the direction in which they are heading and why, and the purpose of their own activities within the overall plan. The ultimate objective should be broken down into attainable yet challenging goals that ideally will be inspiring and motivating for the whole team. Aims should also relate directly to the specific skills of the individual within the team. Working together towards a shared goal gives people a sense of ownership and responsibility, and  builds an atmosphere of team spirit, (Effective leadership by Robert Heller 1999). The written text of Robert Heller highlights in my opinion that every form of leadership requires strength, perseverance and dedicated staff to be able to fulfill a successful workplace. By choosing the correct employees to fit to you model enables yourself time to pursue further challenges. In my experience you have to show an open mind even to what might appear as, most off the wall suggestion. This shows the interpersonal skills to absorb the information, have time to think situations through and give effective feedback. This inturn promotes diversity amongst the employees that even the wildest suggestion is given time and thought. This objective way of empowering employees give positive vibes to each and every employee whatever their job role within the company or organization may be. With this in mind you can gain valuable commitment and engagement from the most un-co-operative people. Without being a positive open minded leader of people’s thoughts and ideas it is impossible to deliver results by which every leader is judged. A quote which sums this up is,`In fact, Leaders that go from good to great start not with `where` but with `who`. They start by getting the right people on the bus, the wrong people off the bus, and the right people in the right seats†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. First the people†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦then the direction` (Jim Collins, Educational Quotes for the 21 Century)This quote confirms to me the important role each person has in a well run, successful organization. Without this and total co-operation from all parts of the company, from senior management to the youngest most inexperienced person, failure would not be long from coming. Communication The art of communication can be a very complex situation unless steps are taken beforehand to ensure any messages relayed from higher management are correctly and concisely passed on in a positive manner. In my experience as a manager previously I have taken steps to prepare exactly what I was going to say in a manner which was clear, understandable, concise but most importantly which had enough open ended opportunity’s for two way discussions enabling myself to listen and give every opportunity for even negative feedback to be viewed as an opportunity for improvement. In my first few months as a manager within my company a position to which I was promoted from the shop floor, I was expected by the other employees to be able to change all forms of workmanship problems, health and safety issues, right down to the microwave being broken. I had up to then been part of a work force that had so bitterly complained of lack of information. My first steps were to gain trust from higher management to show I was as astute as previous managers and capable of moving on in a way which gave me time to bond as a manager with the employees and gain valuable experience in the role from which I was expected to get results from. My winning formula was simple; to put together a feedback questionnaire which involved everyone from the site leader to the cleaner. Each person was given 25 questions, some relevant, some comical and some which I thought were burning issues. All I asked from the employees was for the questionnaires to be filled out  with honesty. I requested any feedback, positive or negative be given in such a way which could be an opportunity for the company to move forward. The questionnaires themselves were voluntary and anonymous in case employees feared there would be reprisals afterwards. My next step was to get the 6 team leaders to put the questionnaires together in bar graphs, to offset a negative thought of management fiddling the results to look good for them. The findings were presented in an open meeting of 75 employees, which just coincidently fell at the same time as the area manager being on site looking at our set up. The outcome even surpassed my widest dreams, Ideas were given time and place, open discussions followed on subjects which some of the other managers were unaware of. But most importantly as a result of my actions a discussion group was formed which consisted of one manager, three employees, two team leaders and most importantly one of the junior employees the cleaner. All this led to a positive communication line from top to bottom. Everyone now felt they had as much responsibility as the next person, views were discussed openly, and problems dealt with by everybody. My ideas had ultimately been successful with some of the ideas being transferred into cost cutting and work improvement measures. One of my most positive actions was to get the microwave fixed. This gave me a foot into the door of management while successfully putting my  knowledge of frustrations of earlier years on the shop floor into good use. I learnt it is far better to listen and communicate then in a real way rather than pay lip service only. Action speaks louder than words. DelegationDelegation is probably one of the most arduous things a manager or leader has to do. Balancing the work load, too little and the person loses interest, too much and the person cannot successfully achieve the desired results for which you are looking for. And the reason for delegation?As a manager it is impossible to achieve everything yourself. You also need the support of subordinates(Team leaders, Supervisors) to process daily routines maybe now not on the top of your list, such as team meetings, daily forecasting, filling out of charts and overall managing of a team environment but yet pivotal to the success of your company. This also empowers employees to show their leadership qualities and the effectiveness of their skills. Choosing the right person to delegate to is vitally important. They have to have the knowledge, skills, motivation and be given sufficient time to be able to fulfill the tasks you are asking them to do. At most times these skills are not most openly visible so you have to choose the person you feel has the necessary intelligence and willingness to move up within your organization. With this you also have to give support, guidance and time to fulfill your expectations. The best way to achieve this would be to give smaller less important tasks to start with to build the person’s confidence, monitor the results, and gradually increase the level of responsibility so that the person`s powers of judgement increase with the more demanding work load you require from them. Delegation not only helps you get your work done; it can be used to improve your subordinates’ performance and therefore your trust in their ability to carry out more responsible work. Instruction training and development are part of the process of delegation. (How to be an even better Manager Sixth Edition, Michael Armstrong 2004)As I mentioned previously my early days of Management were extremely testing trying to find the right balance between concentrating on my new duties and trying to also hit production targets with ever changing goal posts. My attitude at first was to complete my work load given to me by my Manager then spend four more extra hours of the day completing work which I had left behind to make the transition. I was wrong, but this carried on until I was asked to attend a manager’s course in the Lake DistrictIt was basically 6 people from different backgrounds all sent on a course which fundamentally had the same out come whatever we were doing. Each day had a specific task, leading, assessing, team building, support and guidance and funny enough delegation. Each day a different person had to lead the task and by coincidence I had the day which turned out to be delegation. The task was for me to play draughts, I was in the control tower, and I had two people in a shed with whom my only contact was through a two way radio, and three people on the board moving the pieces. Initially my thought was to quickly make up a board with 64 squares and make my moves using this board and by radioing my moves to the two people in the  shed who would then run to the other three people who would make the move. They would then radio to me my competitors move and so on. My problem was I was still thinking of work and how if a problem arose I would try solving it myself, but what a big mistake. The game had a limit of 15 minutes and although I had thought my ingenious way of winning was superb I was ultimately beaten by blind foolishness, stubbornness and of course lack of delegation skills. It wasn’t till afterwards I realized how easy it would have been to let the two people in the shed co-ordinate with the three people on the board to solve a winning formula. It was a valuable lesson learnt and one I didn’t dither on too much when I returned to work, I used it to my advantage and re-assessed my team leaders performances and gave them new responsibilities which increased my time for more demanding business issues of which my new position entailed. Decision MakingDecision making is about thinking out a problem or situation, working out possible causes of concerns and making the correct choice or option. A decision is a judgement. It is a choice between alternatives. It is rarely a choice between right or wrong. It is the best choice between almost right and probably wrong- but more often a choice between two courses of action neither of which is probably more nearly right than the other (Peter Drucker, The Effective Executive, 1967)Every good Leader can expect praise by making decisive decisions based on the information gathered at any given time although census shows making excellent decisions is generally based on two or more conflicting disagreements, this enables the Leader to gauge opinion, have time to access the information and proceed with the best course of action. Many rules have been written about the best way to proceed when making the  best decision but from my experience getting the best answers means possibly accumulating five or six different reasoning processes and making the correct one, which I have listed below. Based on this way of thinking decisions become easier as time goes by, but as a leader you must have the confidence to implement and stand by your decisions. SupportAll good managers only become great leaders by entrusting the support of the work force of which they have been chosen to lead and visa versa. Experience tells me that trust can be very difficult to build and very easy to lose, as many employees have a `them and us` attitude towards management, so building trust can also bring loyalty amongst your workforce towards you. Building the initial trust is a very difficult thing to achieve as you have to prove your support towards them; This can be achieved by reassuring them you have no hidden agendas, and continually keeping them up to date on any information that affects them and keeping promises when made. Providing the workforce with the equipment and resources to succeed in their job also enlists support from them as well as recognizing successful targets achieved, this can be a motivator in itself. By appraising individuals and teams in successful target achievements with an  audience present can build a confidence within that teamUsing the team to present the results through interaction reinforces their stature of a job well done. Some mistakes are undoubtedly bound to happen in a high pressure situation where targets are hard to achieve but making sure any reprimand serious or not is made on a one to one basis is criticalThis does not undermine the individual or their performance but can be used as a learning curve on the way to build positives from a negative situation. Being a supportive leader means addressing all kinds of situations. I once had an employee who had just gone through a separation from his wife, was only seeing and visiting his children once a fortnight and was hitting the drink in such a manner that I had to warn him of his behaviour towards other employees around him. We both decided that visiting the dedicated counsellor was imperative and I took immediate action and drove him there the same day and waited for the session to end. I didn’t have to stay but I felt responsible for his welfare as a valued member of my team. It took many more sessions for him to finally turn his life around and get on the straight and narrow once again and finally earn some respect from his co-workers, but he managed to stand up in front of them and apologise for the sometimes meaningless disruptions he may have caused. Although I dealt with it in a sympathetic manner and got him the help he required, he was fully aware of the consequences of me assisting him instead of neglecting the situation and throwing the book at him. Sometime later he moved on to be one of my trusted team leaders. I truly learnt the difference between being a manager and a leader in those few weeks. As a manager you are asked to look after the business side of  things, targets goals etc and as a leader you have to look after people and the daily roles of different personalities. Combining both makes you a stronger more competent person able to adapt to any given situation. Conclusion To be successful as a Manager and leader in my opinion you have to have a work range that compares to a Politician and a Football Manager. As a politician you have to be diplomatic when required often in difficult situations, be able to judge and compare when best to communicate sensitive information and of course when to lead. Where as a football manager chooses his squad, puts his players in the best position for him and the team and is judged by results. Both these professions need dedicated people to run them and committed people to assist and participate wholeheartedly. In each case knowing the objectives, goals, targets, providing direction and facilitating change, enables the Manager a platform in which he can be competent to achieve the desired outcome which the position requires. Essentially Management is about setting out what work to do and getting it done through the co-operation of people to achieve this!Realise that the greatest asset is the co-operation and dedication of your staff. I hope my essay sheds some insight into the way I feel a manager of the 21st century should conduct themselves to become a successful part of their organization. Bibliography Teach yourself Leadership, Catherine Doherty and John Thompson, Hodder Education, 338 Euston Road, London 2007. On Leadership, Allan Leighton with Teena Lyons, Random House business books, 20 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London 2007. The Rules of Work, Richard Templar, Pearson Education Limited, Edinburgh Gate, Harlow 2003. How to be an even better Manager, Michael Armstrong, Kogan Page, 120 Pentonville Road, London 2004. Effective Leadership, Robert Heller, Dorling Kindersley, 80 Strand, London 1999. Modern Management, Siobhan Tiernan, Michael j. Morley, Edel Foley, Gill and Macmillan Ltd, Hume Avenue, Park West, Dublin 12, 2006. The Effective Executive, Peter Drucker, Heinemann, London 1967. www.leading-learning.co.nz/famous-quotes